Alzheimer Disease
Conditions
Brief summary
To investigate the safety of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and cervical deep lymphoid-venous anastomosis (LVA) in the treatment of severe Alzheimer's disease (AD); to investigate the effectiveness of DBS and LVA in the treatment of severe AD, i.e., effects of deep brain stimulation on cognitive function, emotion and life quality in patients with severe AD.
Interventions
PROCEDUREDeep Brain Stimulation, DBS
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is performed after preoperative MRI and CT images are fused in a planning system to determine the target and trajectory. Under general anesthesia, electrodes are precisely implanted into the fornix or nucleus basalis of Meynert using a stereotactic frame or neurosurgical robot. The electrodes are inserted through a burr hole in the patient's skull and connected to a pulse generator placed subcutaneously in the chest. Optimal stimulation parameters for Alzheimer's disease are not yet established. For fornix targets, settings are typically 3-3.5 V, \ 130 Hz, 90 μs; for nucleus basalis targets, 2-4.5 V, 10-20 Hz, 90-150 μs, adjusted according to anatomical features and intraoperative responses.
PROCEDUREDeep cervical lymphatic-venous anastomosis, LVA
Cervical deep lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) microsurgically connects deep cervical lymphatic vessels to adjacent veins, promoting drainage of brain-derived amyloid-β and tau into the venous system and potentially alleviating Alzheimer's disease symptoms. The minimally invasive neck procedure involves small incisions and high-magnification suturing of lymphatics and veins with ultra-fine (11-0 or 12-0) sutures, creating multiple anastomoses to enhance brain lymphatic outflow.
DRUGRecognized pharmacological treatments for AD.
Patients in the medication group received only the currently recognized pharmacological treatments for AD, including Memantine Hydrochloride and Donepezil.
Sponsors
Chinese PLA General Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
40 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Meeting the diagnostic criteria for dementia formulated by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA). * Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 3 points. * Ability to ambulate independently or with the aid of a walker/cane. * Adequate visual and auditory capacity to cooperate with examinations and treatment. * Voluntary participation with written informed consent provided by both the subject and their legal guardian.
Exclusion criteria
* Pre-existing abnormal brain structure (e.g., tumor, cerebral infarction, hydrocephalus, or intracranial hemorrhage). * Comorbidity with other neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, or Parkinson's disease. * Psychiatric disorders: e.g., anxiety, depression, other affective disorders, or drug-induced psychosis. * Severe internal diseases, currently using respiratory/cardiovascular/anticonvulsant/psychotropic drugs, or clinically significant gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, respiratory, infectious, endocrine, or cardiovascular diseases, cancer, alcoholism, or substance addiction. * Severe auditory or visual impairment. * Clinical comorbidities with life expectancy \<2 years. * History of cranial surgery. * Contraindications to MRI or transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) (e.g., cardiac pacemaker, post-deep brain stimulation surgery). * Eczema or sensitive skin. * Familial Alzheimer's disease. * Other types of dementia: e.g., vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, or infectious dementia; * Any other condition deemed by the investigator as unsuitable for the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) | changes of baseline and month 1, month 3, month 6, month 9, month 12, month 15, month 18 after surgery | The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) scale is widely used for evaluating the severity of AD. ADAS-Cog consists of 12 components including word recall, naming, command, constructional praxis, ideational praxis, orientation, word recognition, remembering test instructions, spoken language ability, word finding difficulty, comprehension of oral language, and attention. The ADAS-Cog assesses multiple cognitive domains including memory, language, praxis, and orientation. ADAS-Cog score ranges from 0-75, with higher scores indicating more severe cognitive impairment. |
| Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score | changes of baseline and month 1,month 3, month 6, month 9, month 12 month 15, month 18 after surgery | Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is one of the most influential cognitive screening tools worldwide. It consists of five dimensions including orientation (10 points), registration (3 points), attention and calculation (5 points), recall (3 points) and language and praxis (9 points). Educational attainment level-related dementia classification: illiterate: 5 points ≤ MMSE score ≤16 points; primary school: 8 points ≤ MMSE score ≤ 20 points; junior high school and above: 10 points ≤ MMSE score ≤ 24 points. |
| Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR) score | changes of baseline and month 1, month 3, month 6, month 9, month 12, month 15, month 18 after surgery | The Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR) is 5-point scale used to characterize six domains (memory, orientation, judgment & problem solving, community affairs, home & hobbies and personal care) of the cognitive and functional performance of the aged (in particular AD patients). Patients are rated on dementia severity: 0 = normal, 0.5 = questionable dementia; 1 = mild dementia; 2 = moderate dementia; 3 = severe dementia. |
Countries
China
Contacts
Primary ContactZhiqi Mao, Ph.D
Outcome results
None listed