Action Observation Training, Motor Imagery Training
Conditions
Keywords
Motor imagery training, Action observation training, muscle oxygenation, fatigue, upper extremity balance, acute effect
Brief summary
Action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) interventions are frequently employed both in the rehabilitation process following orthopedic injuries and surgeries, with aims such as reducing pain and increasing joint range of motion, as well as in the rehabilitation of neurological disorders to restore motor functions and achieve functional independence. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that AO and MI training can exert positive effects on motor performance and neurophysiological activation. Notably, when AO and MI training are applied in combination, it has been suggested that they produce a more pronounced impact on motor performance and support motor learning processes. The effects of these techniques have generally been evaluated following long-term interventions, and there is limited data in the literature regarding their effects after a single session. Furthermore, it has been shown in the literature that action observation and motor imagery training can elicit cortical activation. However, current scientific evidence concerning the peripheral effects of these interventions remains limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the acute effects of a single session of action observation and motor imagery training on upper extremity balance, muscle oxygenation, and fatigue in asymptomatic young adult males
Interventions
OTHERAction Observation
This study, in contrast to prior research, will examine both the acute effects of action observation therapy and its impacts at the peripheral level.
OTHERAction Observation combined with Motor Imagery
This study, in contrast to prior research, will examine both the acute effects of action observation therapy combined with motor imagery and its impacts at the peripheral level.
OTHERSham (No Treatment)
Participants in this intervention group will watch landscape and nature-themed videos for the duration corresponding to the intervention period applied in the other groups.
Sponsors
Gazi University
Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 25 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* To be between 18 and 25 years of age * To have no history of any surgical procedure involving the upper extremity * To be male\*\* * Since the Upper Extremity Closed Kinetic Chain Stability Test is conducted in a different position for females, only male participants will be included in the study to maintain group homogeneity.
Exclusion criteria
* Scoring 24 or below on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) * Having hearing, visual, or perceptual impairments that may affect the study outcomes * Presence of any upper extremity problem * Having neurological, metabolic, or systemic diseases
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Upper Extremity Closed Kinetic Chain Stability Test | Before Intervention | In this test, participants assume a push-up position, positioned between two parallel strips placed on the floor, and touch the opposite strips in a cross-body manner with their hands for 15 seconds. The total number of touches is recorded as the score. The test is performed four times, with a 45-second rest interval between each trial. The participant's test score is calculated as the average of the scores from the last three trials. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle oxygenation | Before Intervention | In this study, the Moxy Monitor device will be used to assess the upper extremity muscle oxygenation levels of the participants. This device operates using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology and non-invasively measures the amounts of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in muscle tissue. The validity and reliability of the Moxy Monitor device in physiological measurements have been reported in numerous studies. Measurements will be conducted by placing the sensor on the anterior portion of the deltoid muscle on the participants' dominant side. |
| Muscle Oxygenation | immediately after the intervention | In this study, the Moxy Monitor device will be used to assess the upper extremity muscle oxygenation levels of the participants. This device operates using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology and non-invasively measures the amounts of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in muscle tissue. The validity and reliability of the Moxy Monitor device in physiological measurements have been reported in numerous studies. Measurements will be conducted by placing the sensor on the anterior portion of the deltoid muscle on the participants' dominant side. |
| Modified Borg Scale | pre-intervention | Participants will rate their level of fatigue on a scale ranging from 0 (no fatigue at all) to 10 (maximum fatigue). |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
Primary ContactEren Özen
Outcome results
None listed