Anxiety, Coronary Angiography (CAG), Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Coronary Angiography, Virtual Reality, Stress Balls, Anxiety, pain, Satisfaction Levels
Brief summary
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality (VR) glasses and the use of a stress ball on anxiety, pain, and satisfaction levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: one group received both VR and stress ball interventions during the procedure, while the control group received standard care. Anxiety, pain, and satisfaction levels were assessed and compared across the three groups at the conclusion of the procedure. The study seeks to contribute to evidence on non-pharmacological methods to improve patient comfort during invasive cardiac procedures.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality (VR) glasses and the use of a stress ball on anxiety, pain, and satisfaction levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: one group received both VR and stress ball interventions during the procedure, while the control group received standard care. Anxiety, pain, and satisfaction levels were assessed and compared across the three groups at the conclusion of the procedure. The study seeks to contribute to evidence on non-pharmacological methods to improve patient comfort during invasive cardiac procedures.
Interventions
DEVICEVirtual Reality Glasses
articipants in the VR group used virtual reality glasses during coronary angiography to reduce anxiety and pain and improve satisfaction.
OTHERStress Ball
articipants in the stress ball group used a stress ball during coronary angiography to evaluate its effects on anxiety, pain, and satisfaction.
Sponsors
Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
randomize kontrollü
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Voluntary participation in the study * Age 18 years or older * Undergoing coronary angiography for the first time * Cognitive ability to answer the questions * No diagnosis of anxiety disorder and no use of medication for anxiety / no psychiatric diagnosis * No physical disability preventing the use of the stress ball * No problems with vision, hearing, or understanding
Exclusion criteria
* None
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) Scores | Before and immediately after coronary angiography procedure | the study will measure changes in situational anxiety levels of patients undergoing coronary angiography, using the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) before and after the procedure with virtual reality glasses and stress balls. The SAI consists of 20 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 20 to 80; higher scores indicate higher anxiety. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Anxiety Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Scores | Before and immediately after coronary angiography procedure | Patients' anxiety levels will be assessed before and after coronary angiography using a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), where 0 indicates no anxiety and 10 indicates extreme anxiety. |
| Change in Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Scores | Before and immediately after coronary angiography procedure | Patients' pain levels will be evaluated before and after coronary angiography using a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), where 0 means no pain and 10 indicates worst possible pain. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Satisfaction with Virtual Reality Glasses Application | Immediately after virtual reality glasses intervention | Patient satisfaction will be assessed using a 4-item custom form developed specifically for this study. The first item uses a 0 to 10 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), where 0 indicates not satisfied at all and 10 indicates extremely satisfied. The remaining items assess patient preferences and recommendations using multiple-choice questions (yes/no/undecided). Higher VAS scores reflect greater satisfaction. |
| Satisfaction with Stress Ball Application | Immediately after stress ball intervention | Patient satisfaction will be evaluated using a 4-item form developed for this study. The first item uses a 0 to 10 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), where 0 indicates no satisfaction and 10 indicates the highest satisfaction. The remaining three items gather feedback through multiple-choice responses. Higher VAS scores indicate greater satisfaction. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed