Sleep, Stress
Conditions
Keywords
yoga, sleep, stress, pregnancy, third trimester
Brief summary
Many physiological and psychological changes occur during pregnancy. Sleep and stress are among these changes and can negatively impact the pregnancy process. Yoga can improve sleep quality and stress levels during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of yoga, implemented in the third trimester of pregnancy according to World Health Organization guidelines, on sleep and stress.
Detailed description
Pregnancy is defined as a period of both physiological and psychological changes in women. Although pregnancy and childbirth are natural processes, the physical, mental, and emotional adaptive changes that occur during this time can significantly impact a woman's health and pregnancy outcomes. Sleep problems are common during pregnancy. Toward the end of pregnancy, women often experience frequent nighttime awakenings, insomnia, and restless sleep. During pregnancy, women undergo bio-physio-psychosocial changes that can lead to increased stress. In order to prevent adverse outcomes, it is important to manage stress in pregnant women and implement interventions aimed at reducing high cortisol levels. Yoga can be defined as a system of stretching exercises and postures (asanas) combined with deep breathing (pranayama) and meditation, aiming to unify the mind, body, and spirit. There are studies that have evaluated the effects of yoga practice during pregnancy on sleep and stress. None of these studies have reported any negative effects of yoga on pregnancy. In all studies, yoga was applied with varying frequencies, durations, and techniques. However, no study has been found that evaluates the effects of a yoga program conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2023) on both sleep and stress. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of yoga, implemented during the third trimester of pregnancy in line with WHO guideline recommendations, on sleep and stress.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALYoga Intervention
There are studies that have evaluated the effects of prenatal yoga on sleep. None of these studies have reported any negative effects of yoga on pregnancy. In all studies, yoga practice was applied with varying frequencies, durations, and techniques. However, no research has been found that evaluates the effects of a yoga program conducted in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline recommendations on both sleep and stress. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of yoga, practiced during the third trimester of pregnancy in line with WHO guideline recommendations, on sleep and stress.
Sponsors
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Masking description
Because of the behavioral and observable characteristics of the intervention (yoga in the third trimester of pregnancy), neither assessment nor blinding of investigators was performed.
Intervention model description
Pregnant participants will be randomly assigned to two groups in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group will receive a yoga program in accordance with the WHO guideline recommendations, while the control group will receive no intervention and will continue with routine care.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, * Aged between 18 and 35 years, * In the third trimester of pregnancy (between 29 and 42 weeks of gestation), * Able to read and write in Turkish, * No prior experience with yoga practice.
Exclusion criteria
* High-risk pregnancy, * In the first or second trimester, * Multiple pregnancy, * Any condition that prevents yoga practice (e.g., restrictions on physical activity), * Previous experience with yoga practice
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Sleep Quality | It will be assessed at baseline (in the third trimester of pregnancy) and on day 30 after the yoga intervention. | Sleep quality is measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was developed to assess sleep quality and sleep disturbances over the past month. It consists of a total of 24 questions, 19 of which are self-rated items. The remaining 5 questions are used for clinical evaluation and are not included in the scoring. Each item in the scale is rated on a scale from 0 to 3. From the 19 self-rated items, 7 component scores are derived. Some components are based on a single item, while others are formed by combining several items. These components are: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. The total score of the scale is obtained by summing the scores of these 7 components. The total score ranges from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating poorer sleep quality. A total score greater than 5 indicates poor sleep quality. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived Stress Level | It will be assessed at baseline (in the third trimester of pregnancy) and on day 30 after the yoga intervention. | Maternal stress level assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was developed to assess perceived stress over the past month. It consists of 14 items and is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from Never (0) to Very Often (4). Seven of the items, which are positively stated, are reverse scored. The total score of the PSS-14 ranges from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating greater levels of perceived stress. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
Primary ContactGözde GÖZDE Şengün, Undergraduate
Outcome results
None listed