Diabetes (DM), Dry Mouth
Conditions
Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus, Dry Mouth, Chewing Gum, Nursing Care
Brief summary
Dry mouth can seriously affect the quality of life of individuals because it affects chewing and swallowing functions. One of the diseases in which dry mouth occurs as a side effect of many diseases and/or treatments is diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chewing gum on dry mouth in individuals with diabetes mellitus.
Detailed description
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy and microvascular changes in the oral mucosa are thought to cause decreased salivary secretion in individuals. Furthermore, poor blood glucose regulation and the accompanying polyuria can cause dehydration, leading to dry mouth and decreased salivary secretion. Decreased salivary secretion and subsequent changes in the oral mucosa have been reported in diabetic individuals with poor glycemic control. Chewing gum is one of the activities that increases salivary secretion. It affects salivary pH and flow rate through both taste and mechanical stimulation, relieving dry mouth symptoms in individuals. While the unstimulated salivary flow rate in humans is 0.3 ml/min, this rate can reach 7 ml/min in someone chewing gum. Due to these known properties, chewing gum can be beneficial for dry mouth in individuals. Literature reviews have shown that chewing gum reduces the feeling of dry mouth, increases salivary secretion, and quenches thirst. It is also believed that increased salivary secretion dilutes the bacterial load in the mouth, thus reducing the risk of periodontal disease. It is anticipated that chewing gum may be a factor that can improve the quality of life for patients with chronic diseases that require fluid restriction and a special diet. A review of the literature found no studies demonstrating the effect of gum chewing on dry mouth in individuals with diabetes.
Interventions
OTHERChewing gum
Dry mouth was diagnosed in the initial assessment of diabetic individuals assigned to the intervention group. Following the assessment, they were asked to chew gum for 15 minutes before each main meal for seven days. Dry mouth was re-evaluated with the Xerostomia Scale seven days later.
OTHERStandart therapy group
The control group was informed about the study. They were then assessed for dry mouth. They were asked to follow their standard treatment. They were warned not to chew gum. A day later, dry mouth was assessed again without any treatment.
Sponsors
Çankırı Karatekin University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Quasi-experimental in a pre-test-post-test design
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
The inclusion criteria for individuals in the study were; being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, having an HbA1c value of 7% and above, being able to communicate verbally, not having hearing loss, and accepting the voluntary consent form voluntarily.
Exclusion criteria
* The
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Improvement in dry mouth in individuals with diabetes | 5 | The level of dry mouth of the individuals before and after the intervention was defined by the Xerostomia scale. The scale consists of 11 questions. The lowest possible score is 11 and the highest is 55, with higher scores indicating increased dry mouth. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed