Anxiety, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Music Therapy, Primigravida Women, Quality of Life
Conditions
Keywords
primigravida, music therapy, Warm Foot Bath, Quality of Life, blood pressure
Brief summary
Study Title: The Effects of Music Therapy and Warm Foot Bath on Pregnancy-Related Stress, Blood Pressure, and Quality of Life in Low-Risk Primigravida Women Brief Summary: This randomized controlled trial investigates the impact of music therapy and warm foot bath therapy on pregnancy-related anxiety, blood pressure levels, and quality of life in low-risk primigravida pregnant women. Participants will be randomly assigned into four groups: music therapy, warm foot bath therapy, combined therapy, and control group. The interventions will be carried out for 2 weeks with pre- and post-assessments of anxiety and quality of life.
Detailed description
Pregnancy is a period of significant physiological and psychological changes that can increase anxiety levels in women. This study aims to assess whether non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy (handpan music) and warm foot baths can reduce anxiety, regulate blood pressure, and improve the quality of life in low-risk primigravida pregnant women at 26 weeks of gestation and above. A total of 144 participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups and followed for two weeks. Data collection tools will include the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI TX-1 and TX-2), blood pressure monitoring forms, and EQ-5D quality of life scale.
Interventions
OTHERMusic Therapy
The music therapy intervention consists of listening sessions using specially recorded handpan music, designed to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety in pregnant women. The handpan is a melodic percussion instrument known for its soothing and harmonic sound qualities. Participants will listen to a 30-minute handpan music recording at home, in a quiet and dimly lit room, while resting in a semi-fowler or left lateral position. The sound volume will be kept below 60 decibels to ensure comfort and prevent overstimulation. Sessions will be scheduled three times per week, in the morning and evening, over a two-week period. Before each session, participants will be reminded by phone and instructed to measure their blood pressure immediately prior to and at 0, 30, and 60 minutes after the music listening. The therapy aims to create a calming environment that encourages positive thoughts and bonding with the fetus.
OTHERwarm water foot bath therapy
The warm water foot bath therapy involves soaking the participant's feet in water heated to 37-40°C for 10-15 minutes per session. This therapy is designed to promote relaxation, improve peripheral circulation, and reduce anxiety symptoms. Participants will perform the foot bath in a safe and comfortable setting, ensuring water temperature is monitored with a thermometer before each session. After soaking, feet should be thoroughly dried to prevent slipping, and participants are advised to have a companion nearby when standing up to avoid falls. The intervention will be applied three times weekly, in the morning and evening, over a two-week period. Blood pressure measurements will be taken immediately before and at 0, 30, and 60 minutes after each session.
Sponsors
Kırklareli University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Masking description
This study is open-label. Due to the nature of the interventions-music therapy and warm foot bath-it is not possible to blind participants or investigators. All participants and study staff are aware of the assigned intervention groups.
Intervention model description
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four parallel groups: (1) music therapy only, (2) warm foot bath therapy only, (3) combined music and foot bath therapy, or (4) control group with no intervention. Each intervention group will receive their respective therapy for 2 weeks, 3 times per week. Pre- and post-intervention assessments of anxiety, blood pressure, and quality of life will be conducted. The control group will receive usual antenatal care without any intervention but will be assessed using the same outcome measures.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 39 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 18-39 years of age, * Literate; able to make an informed decision to participate, communicate verbally, and sign a consent form * Pregnant with a single, live fetus * Have a smartphone * Low-risk primigravida pregnant with a gestational age of 26 weeks or more
Exclusion criteria
* \- Having hearing impairment, * Refusing to participate, * Being illiterate, * Having communication problems, * Being hospitalized with severe preeclampsia, * The newborn not surviving. * Antepartum hemorrhage * Preeclampsia, * Gestational hypertension, * Cervical insufficiency, * Having pregnancy-related complications such as congenital fetal anomalies and intrauterine growth restriction diagnosed before 28 weeks of gestation or having multiple pregnancies; * Having psychiatric disorders (known anxiety or depression, other illnesses), * Having medical problems such as endocrine disorders (gestational diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, etc.); * Having assisted reproductive techniques (ART) such as in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, or * Pregnant women at risk of preterm birth will not be included in the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in State Anxiety Score | Baseline, Day 7, and Day 14 | It consists of two subscales of 20 items each measuring state and trait anxiety. The State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) asks the individual to describe how he/she feels at a particular moment and under certain conditions; the Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) asks the individual to describe how he/she feels in general. The inventory is rated on a 4-point scale. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. In Spielberger's State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, 0-19 points are considered as No Anxiety, 20-39 points as Mild Anxiety, 40-59 points as Moderate Anxiety, 60-79 points as Severe Anxiety and 80 points as Panic. |
| EQ-5D General Quality of Life Scale | Baseline, Day 7, and Day 14 | The scale is a short, generic instrument used to define quality of life and to assign a quantitative value to health status. It consists of a VAS scale (excellent health to death) and 5 3-choice questions (mobility, self-care, usual daily tasks, pain discomfort, anxiety demoralization). The answers to each item have 3 options: no problem, some problem and major problem. As a result, the scale identifies 243 possible different health outcomes. An index score ranging from -0.59 to 1 is calculated from the 5 dimensions of the scale. In the score function, a value of 0 indicates death, a value of 1 indicates perfect health, while negative values indicate conditions such as unconsciousness, living bedridden, etc. |
| blood pressure Measurement | Days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12; with measurements at pre-, immediate post-, 30-min post-, and 60-min post-intervention, morning and evening sessions. | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured at rest using a standardized sphygmomanometer immediately before the intervention, and at 0, 30, and 60 minutes after the intervention sessions. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
Primary Contactnermin kayar
Outcome results
None listed