ECG, Heart Rate, Symptoms, Vital Sign Monitoring
Conditions
Brief summary
Nicotine pouches (NPs) are increasingly being used by children, adolescents, and adults, and are often presented as a less harmful alternative to, for example, smoking. The ability to use these products discreetly (unlike smoking) makes them an attractive option for individuals who wish to avoid the stigma that smokers may sometimes experience. Nicotine is a well-known addictive substance that affects many organ systems, including the heart and circulatory system. The amount of nicotine in NPs varies greatly, but the pouches can contain large amounts of nicotine compared to the content of a single cigarette. While many studies have previously examined the effects of smoking and other nicotine products on the heart and circulatory system, specific data on the effects of NPs on these same systems are rather limited. In light of the above, the investigators have planned a study to investigate whether NPs affect the circulatory system and heart rate, assessed through electrocardiography (ECG) and vital signs (i.e., pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and more). The investigators hypothesis is that the nicotine content in NPs leads to notable changes in the aforementioned measurements and could therefore potentially be associated with an increased health risk.
Interventions
OTHERHigh-dose Nicotine Pouch
A High Dose Nicotine Pouch are placed and held in the oral cavity (between the gum and lip) for 20 minutes, as per standard use instructions. After 20 minutes pouches are removed from the oral cavity and disposed.
OTHERLow Dose Nicotine Pouch
A Low Dose Nicotine Pouch are placed and held in the oral cavity (between the gum and lip) for 20 minutes, as per standard use instructions. After 20 minutes pouches are removed from the oral cavity and disposed.
OTHERPlacebo Pouch
A Placebo Pouch are placed and held in the oral cavity (between the gum and lip) for 20 minutes, as per standard use instructions. After 20 minutes pouches are removed from the oral cavity and disposed.
Sponsors
Ekim Seven
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Adults aged 18-70 years. * Regular (defined as daily) or occasional (generally defined as nondaily) nicotine users (e.g., cigarettes, vaping, or nicotine pouches). * Willingness to abstain from nicotine, caffeine (including caffeine containing energy drinks), and alcohol for 6 hours prior to the session
Exclusion criteria
* History of cardiovascular conditions. * Medications affecting cardiac conduction or autonomic function (e.g., antiarrhythmic drugs). * Pregnancy or breastfeeding. * Current illness or infection. * History of substance abuse.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Heart rate | 10 and 20 minutes (just before disposal) after the placement of the nicotine pouch in the oral cavity | Changes in HR (beats/minute) obtained from an ECG recorded 20 minutes after nicotine pouch administration compared to the baseline ECG. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ECG parameters | 10 and 20 minutes (just before disposal) after the placement of the nicotine pouch in the oral cavity | Changes in various ECG parameters from baseline: • PR interval (msec) • QRS duration (msec) • QT interval (corrected, QTc) (msec) • HRV (msec) |
| ST-T segment changes | 10 and 20 minutes (just before disposal) after the placement of the nicotine pouch in the oral cavity | ST-T segment changes, e.g., depression/elevation/inversion (mm) from baseline |
| Arrhythmias | 10 and 20 minutes (just before disposal) after the placement of the nicotine pouch in the oral cavity | Any arrhythmias e.g., ectopic beats (yes/no, numerical) detected on the ECG compared with baseline ECG |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure | 10 and 20 minutes (just before disposal) after the placement of the nicotine pouch in the oral cavity | Changes in Blood pressure (mmHg) |
| Self-reported symptoms | 10 and 20 minutes (just before disposal) after the placement of the nicotine pouch in the oral cavity | Subjective symptoms self-reported by the participants during the intervention using VAS-questionnaire of 10 known nicotine effect/symptoms (nausea, dizziness, lightheadedness, nervousness, sweatiness, headache, excessive salivation, heart pounding, confusion, and weakness). |
| Respiratory rate | 10 and 20 minutes (just before disposal) after the placement of the nicotine pouch in the oral cavity | Changes in Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) |
| Oxygen saturation | 10 and 20 minutes (just before disposal) after the placement of the nicotine pouch in the oral cavity | Changes in Oxygen saturation (percentage/%) |
| Body temperature | 10 and 20 minutes (just before disposal) after the placement of the nicotine pouch in the oral cavity | Changes in Body temperature (degree Celsius) |
Countries
Denmark
Outcome results
None listed