Gestational Diabetes and Human Milk Composition Study

Effect of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Serum Hormone Levels and Human Milk Composition

Status

Completed

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Observational

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT07051681

Enrollment

Registered

2025-07-04

Start date

2023-12-01

Completion date

2024-09-30

Last updated

2025-12-30

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Keywords

GDM, human milk, hormone, nutrition therapy, postpartum period, adiponectin, chemerin, dermcidin, insulin, ghrelin, leptin

Brief summary

This study aims to compare hormone levels and milk composition in women with and without gestational diabetes through postpartum human milk and blood samples.

Detailed description

Pregnant women with GDM who received medical nutrition therapy and healthy controls were evaluated on postpartum days 14 and 30. Human milk and blood samples, as well as 3-day food consumption records, were collected. Levels of insulin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, chemerin, and dermcidin in blood and milk were measured and compared with macronutrient contents of milk.

Interventions

OTHERIndividualized Medical Nutrition Therapy

Pregnant women with GDM received individualized nutrition therapy during pregnancy. No intervention was applied to the control group.

Study design

Observational model

CASE_CONTROL

Time perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

FEMALE

Age

18 Years to 45 Years

Healthy volunteers

Yes

Inclusion criteria

* Voluntary pregnant women with singleton pregnancies * No complications or chronic diseases.

Exclusion criteria

* With pregnant and post-partum complications or chronic diseases * Mothers who feed their babies with formula

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Serum hormone levels	Postpartum day 14 and 30	Measurement of insulin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, chemerin, and dermcidin levels using ELISA in maternal blood serum
Human milk hormone levels	Postpartum day 14 and 30	Measurement of insulin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, chemerin, and dermcidin levels using ELISA in human milk samples

Secondary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Human milk energy and macronutrient content	Postpartum day 14 and 30	Analysis of energy, protein, fat, and lactose content in milk

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026