Laparocele
Conditions
Brief summary
This study aims to compare pain severity and analgesic requirements between smokers and nonsmokers following laparoscopic cholecystectomy, evaluating the efficacy of two analgesics, tramadol and nalbuphine.
Detailed description
The primary objectives are to estimate pain severity in smokers versus nonsmokers and identify the effect of tramadol and nalbuphine between these groups.A comparative cross-Sectional design will be employed from Allama Iqbal Teaching Hospital, DG Khan, over four months. Participants will be stratified into subgroups receiving either tramadol or nalbuphine.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTComparative cross sectional
evaluating the efficacy of two analgesics, tramadol and nalbuphine. The primary objectives are to estimate pain severity in smokers versus nonsmokers and identify the effect of tramadol and nalbuphine between these groups
Sponsors
Superior University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
30 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Both Male and female patients are included. * Adults' patients with Greater than 30 years of age * Both Smoker and non-Smokers patients are added (Patients who are chain smoker at least 10 cigarettes per day).
Exclusion criteria
* Patients are excluded if they have smoking history other than cigarettes smoking like Vapes, Cigar and smokeless tobacco.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | 12 Months | The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a tool used to measure pain intensity, mood, or other subjective experiences. It typically involves a 10 cm (100mm) line with descriptive anchors at each end, such as no pain and worst pain imaginable |
Countries
Pakistan
Outcome results
None listed