Metabolic Syndrome, Microbial Colonization
Conditions
Keywords
overweight, satiety, SCFA, pulses
Brief summary
The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of pulse consumption versus no pulse consumption on the gut microbiome, meal satiety, and short-chain fatty acid metabolomics.
Detailed description
1. Investigate the acute and chronic effects of pulse consumption on the microbiome and plasma SCFA metabolomics in overweight subjects fed a high pulse (n=22) diet versus a no pulse containing diet (n=22). 2. Furthermore, we will quantitate the rate of production of plasma SCFA, markers of satiety (PYY, GLP-1 and ghrelin), blood lipids, and carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism (glucose levels and oxidation) during a standardized meal to determine the effects of consuming pulses on appetite and satiety after acute and chronic dietary consumption. 3. We will conduct subjective appetite assessments to investigate appetite control over the short- and long-term.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTHigh pulse consumption
Subjects are provided a high pulse diet for 4 weeks.collection, and anthropometrics measured.
Sponsors
University of Missouri-Columbia
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
Participants are randomly assigned to either the high pulse diet or no pulse diet.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Men and women (premenopausal only) * Age 20-55y (we will attempt to start baseline testing at the same time of the menstrual cycle (luteal) for the women * BMI ≥25 or ≤40 kg/m2 (most at risk for metabolic abnormalities and will benefit from a pulse intervention-2/3 of Americans are overweight or obese) * Weight stable (no fluctuations in body weight of greater than 4 kg in the last 3 months) * Willing to consume a research diet * Willing to provide blood and fecal samples * Sedentary to low active physical activity status (less than 7200 steps per day) * Stably treated with statin drugs, anti-hypertensives, and anti-depressants. These are acceptable as long as the drug category does not alter appetite, body weight, or the microbiome (if known) * Pre-diabetes acceptable (glucose \<125 mg/dL or HbA1c \< 6.5%) * At least one characteristic of the metabolic syndrome (but not diabetic) 1. A large waistline: 35 inches or more for women 40 inches or more for men 2. High triglycerides: 150 mg/dL or higher 3. Low HDLc level: \<50 mg/dL for women \<40 mg/dL for men 4. High blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg 5. Fasting blood sugar ≥100 mg/dL - Pre-diabetes acceptable (glucose \<125 mg/dL or HbA1c \<6.5%) -
Exclusion criteria
* Pregnant or lactating * Postmenopausal (evidence suggests an interplay between the gut microbiome) * BMI of \<25 or \>40 kg/m2 * Use of medications that affect the gut microbiome (e.g. antibiotics) * Taking medications known to affect appetite (e.g., phentermine) or gastrointestinal function (e.g., metformin) * On a special diet or undergoing weight loss, vegetarian, or other restricted dietary patterns * Ad libitum intake of fiber above 25g/day (mean intake in the US population is 17g/day) and \< 10g/d * History of disease (example colon cancer, HIV, cardiovascular disease, psychiatric disorders, etc.) * Use of tobacco products
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| gut microbial change | baseline to 4 weeks | assessed via 16s rRNA gene sequencing from fecal samples collection |
| Change in appetite hormones | baseline to 4 weeks | GLP-1 measurement in plasma samples |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| cardiometabolic risk factors | baseline to 4 weeks | total cholesterol, |
| Change in subjective appetite | baseline to 4 weeks | Subjective fullness measured via 100 mm visual analogue scale |
| short chain fatty acid metabolomics | baseline to 4 weeks | plasma short chain fatty acids |
| Body composition | baseline to 4 weeks | Assessed via DEXA during each of two meal test visits |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed