Nurse Based Care Management, Surgical Procedures, Elective
Conditions
Keywords
colonoscopy, white noise, pink noise, pain, anxiety
Brief summary
In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of endoscopic procedures due to the increase in diseases. Colonoscopy is widely used in the screening and diagnosis of many diseases, especially colorectal cancer. However, colonoscopy is perceived as an invasive, painful and uncomfortable procedure by patients. Moreover, it can cause pain associated with embarrassment, fear, anxiety and physical and emotional discomfort.
Detailed description
This study aims to evaluate the effects of white and pink noise applied before and during colonoscopy on pain and anxiety levels of patients. Colonoscopy is a widely used method in colon cancer screening and diagnosis and treatment of lower gastrointestinal system diseases; however, pain may occur in patients due to mesenteric distension and spasms during the procedure. In addition, many patients experience moderate anxiety during the procedure. Since pharmacological pain and anxiety management strategies may lead to some complications, in recent years, there has been an increase in the use of non-pharmacological methods such as music, video, virtual reality and distraction techniques. One of these methods, sound therapy, provides relaxation by directing the individual's attention to positive emotions. While white noise is a constant-intensity sound similar to the sound of the ocean or wind, pink noise resembles rain or rustling leaves with its lower frequency and soothing properties. There are a limited number of studies in the literature examining the effects of white and pink noise, but there is no study evaluating both types of noise together in colonoscopy patients. In order to fill this gap, the effects of white and pink noise on pain and anxiety are comparatively examined in this study.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALWNG
In addition to the hospital's standard care protocol, patients in this group will listen to white noise through headphones before and during the colonoscopy procedure, as directed by the researcher.
BEHAVIORALPNG
In addition to the standard care protocol, patients included in this group will listen to pink noise through headphones as directed by the researcher.
Sponsors
Akdeniz University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Masking description
The statistical analysis was performed by an independent statistician who was blinded to group allocation.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Volunteering to participate in the study, * Being over 18 years old, * The patient should not have a hearing and visual problem, * Being conscious, oriented and cooperative
Exclusion criteria
* The patient's use of anxiolytics or analgesics on the day of the procedure, * The patient's diagnosis of any psychiatric / neurological disease, * The patient's preference for general anesthesia will be considered as
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Anxiety Scale (VAS-A) | Before colonoscopy (baseline), during colonoscopy immediately after the 20-minute auditory intervention, and 30 minutes after colonoscopy | VAS-A is a single-item measurement tool that has been used for psychological assessment since the beginning of the 20th century. It is frequently used in the assessment of pain, quality of life and mood. It was developed by "Cline et al" (1992) and is extremely simple, reproducible and requires minimal tools. The scale consists of a 10 cm long horizontal line with the labels "No anxiety" on the left and "I feel a lot of anxiety" on the right. The patient's anxiety level is calculated by measuring the distance between the leftmost part of the scale and the specified point. As the anxiety level approaches 10, anxiety increases. |
| The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | During colonoscopy, immediately after the 20-minute auditory intervention, and 30 minutes after colonoscopy | The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a single-dimensional scale commonly used to measure pain intensity. VAS is a measuring tool with a length of 0-10 cm (0-100 mm). This measuring tool can be used horizontally or vertically. The scale starts with "no pain" and ends with "unbearable pain". High scores obtained from the scale indicate high pain intensity. The cut-off points for pain scores obtained from the scale are recommended as 0-4 mm "no pain", 5-44 mm "mild pain", 45-74 mm "moderate pain" and 75-100 mm "severe pain". |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed