Breathing Exercise, Osteopathy, Singing
Conditions
Keywords
Diaphragm function, Singing technique, Support, Osteopathy
Brief summary
This study is about breathing function during singing, specifically aimed at improving the functionof the muscles in the respiratory system involved in control over the voice.The goal of the study is to examine if osteopathic techniques and/or work with support developedby Complete Vocal Institute influences voice quality and sense of ease using voice.The study compares two types of interventions:1: An osteopathic optimization treatment for diaphragm, a major muscle responsible for breathing.And2: A singing technique for learning stamina.Both techniques work on improving patterns of breathing which should make singing feel easier and lower future risks of injury and strain. The study takes place at Complete Vocal Institute where participant voices will be recorded by a microphone and by a laryngograph. In using the laryngograph, two gold-plated electrodes will be placed over the larynx. A microphone records the voice whereas EGG-electrodes record how the vocal folds are vibrating. Measurements are made before each type of treatment and after each treatment. Both are non-invasive and carry no risk to the voice. The recordings will be done in a sound-treated room for privacy.The singing intervention will involve breathing exercises, and the osteopathic treatment will involve a single fascia treatment. It is possible that the osteopathic treatment can leave participant diaphragms and the area around the lower ribs sore, this is normal and is expected to last no more than 24-48 hours. Each session is expected to last approximately one hour, and only a single visit will be required.To ensure comfort, please wear loose-fitting clothing that allows for easy breathing and singing. For one part of the intervention, participants will be asked to remove clothing like one would for any physical massage, so the therapist can access and treat the diaphragm.There are no costs involved nor compensation for participation in the study. Participation is completely voluntary. Should participants at any time wish to withdraw from the study, they are free to do so by informing Julie Bie at julie@netfyssen.dk hereof.All data will be anonymized and any information that could identify participants as a subject will be kept strictly confidential. No personal information will be included in the study report or other publication arising from the project analysis.If there have any questions, please contact the investigators at julie@netfyssen.dk or mathias@shout.dk. This research is being overseen by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). The two therapists involved in this study are insured, and the study has received favorable approval from the Ethics Committee of Buckinghamshire New University.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCVT Support intervention
The CVT Emergency Aid program focused on optimising the work on the diaphragm was conducted in 3 steps. Step 1 related to establishing diaphragmatic breathing by feeling expansion around lower ribs at inhalation. Step 2 related to establishing connection between pulmonary pressure and subtotal pressurisation by invoking inwards abdominal movements on controlled exhaled voiceless exercises (ssss-sound) Step 3 related to establishing dynamic control of subglottal pressure by performing fricative voice sounds (vvvf- and zzz-sounds) while contracting the abdominal wall inwards and thereby pressurising the pulmonary space leading to increased subglottal pressure on accents and extended pitch accents.
PROCEDUREDooming Diaphragm
Osteopathic treatment: Dooming Diaphragm. The inferior costal margin was contacted with the hands, allowing the thumbs to rest just below the ribcage anteriorly. Care was taken to avoid contact with the xiphoid process, as this could cause discomfort for the patient. The patient was instructed to breathe deeply, and as they exhaled, gentle pressure was applied superiorly and laterally with the thumbs, rolling them underneath the ribcage as far as was comfortable. This process was repeated for 3-5 breath cycles or until no tension was felt in the thumbs during exhalation.
Sponsors
Buckinghamshire New University
Complete Vocal Institute
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* General health, no known vocal pathology or ongoing respiratory infection * No ongoing reflux symptoms * Amateur singer
Exclusion criteria
* No prior osteopathic treatment related to voice * No prior CVT Support Training
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum and minimum fundamental frequency | Baseline | The maximum and minimum fundamental frequency as an indicator of singing note pitch. |
| Fx SD | Baseline | Fundamental Frequency Standard Deviation (Fx SD) |
| Qx | Baseline | Average Contact Quotient (Qx) |
| Maximum Phonation Time | Baseline | The total amount in seconds a sustained phonation can be maintained |
| Mean sound pressure level | Baseline | Sound pressure level, SPL, to indicate vocal loudness. |
| Jitter | Baseline | Amount (in %) of Jitter during cycle to cycle variation of vocal fold oscillations on a sustained vowel measured by electroglottography |
| Normalised Noise Energy | Baseline | Normalised Noise Energy (NNE) of acoustic radiated output during phonation |
| Cepstral Peak Prominence | Baseline | Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) of sustained phonation |
| Maximum Phonation Time - post intervention | Day 1 | The total amount in seconds a sustained phonation can be maintained |
| Mean sound pressure level - post intervention | Day 1 | Sound pressure level, SPL, to indicate vocal loudness. |
| Maximum and minimum fundamental frequency - post intervention | Day 1 | The maximum and minimum fundamental frequency as an indicator of singing note pitch. |
| Fx SD - post intervention | Day 1 | Fundamental Frequency Standard Deviation (Fx SD) |
| Qx - post intervention | Day 1 | Average Contact Quotient (Qx) |
| Jitter - post intervention | Day 1 | Amount (in %) of Jitter during cycle to cycle variation of vocal fold oscillations on a sustained vowel measured by electroglottography |
| Normalised Noise Energy - post intervention | Day 1 | Normalised Noise Energy (NNE) of acoustic radiated output during phonation |
| Cepstral Peak Prominence - post intervention | Day 1 | Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) of sustained phonation |
Countries
Denmark
Outcome results
None listed