Post Partum Depression
Conditions
Keywords
Post Partum Depression, Cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, psychotherapy, NICU
Brief summary
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is defined as depression that occurs after childbirth, with intense symptoms that last longer than "baby blues". PPD differs greatly from "baby blues", a term used to describe the typical sadness, worry and tiredness that women experience after childbirth, which often resolves within a week or two on its own. The symptoms of PPD interfere with many aspects of daily living and can have unhealthy short-term and long-term outcomes, both for the mother and baby. One-third of women in the U.S. with PPD are identified in clinical settings, yet only half of those begin psychotherapy treatment. Unfortunately, mothers whose newborns are in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are at high risk for developing PPD, necessitating early identification and evidence-based treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) are the two most effective psychotherapy treatments for PPD, yet no randomized controlled clinical trials were found that directly compared the two types of treatment or determined whether combining the two approaches is more helpful for PPD than either approach alone. This clinical trial aims to compare the effectiveness of a 4-week intervention of either CBT or IPT for PPD in NICU mothers and to determine whether a sequential 8-week intervention (IPT then CBT, or CBT then IPT) is more beneficial.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) psychotherapy group/telehealth
Type of psychotherapy. CBT focuses on identifying and changing unhelpful beliefs and behavioral patterns that lead to negative emotions (e.g., depression, anxiety, grief, shame) in order to break the emotion-thought-behavior cycle
BEHAVIORALInterpersonal therapy (IPT) psychotherapy group/telehealth
Type of psychotherapy. IPT focuses on improving interpersonal communication and deficits, processing grief, and role transitions
Sponsors
Hackensack Meridian Health
New Jersey Health Foundation
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Mother of NICU infant * Older than age 18 * English-speaking * Gave birth more than 24 hours ago and less than 12 months prior to enrollment * Depression as assessed by: Current/Prior diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder OR EPDS score above 10 OR EPDS score below 10 AND Endorsement of "sometimes" or "often" on item #10 on the EPDS\* ("I have had thoughts of harming myself")
Exclusion criteria
* A diagnosis of Substance Dependency or Substance Use * Acute suicidal or infanticidal ideation * Current psychosis * Medical history of cognitive impairment * Infant death of current NICU admission * Marked non-compliance with intervention (e.g, non-attendance of more than one session during a 4-week intervention or failure to complete study assessments), * Are in medical treatment that would prevent participation (i.e., medical treatment that requires inpatient hospitalization and thus would prevent participation of study visits.)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Post Partum Depression post initial psychotherapy | At 4 weeks | Quantitative assessment of treatment effectiveness in reducing PPD symptoms will be conducted with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a 10-item validated self-report scale. Total scores on the EPDS range from 0 to 30, with scores 13 and above indicating depressive illness, or a high risk of developing a depressive disorder. The measures will be administered at the following timepoints: Week 0 Baseline: At study entry prior to starting group psychotherapy in the Outpatient Behavioral Health practice Week 4: After completing the first 4-week intervention of the two-intervention sequence, prior to "crossing over" |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Postpartum Depression after both types of psychotherapy | At 8 weeks | Quantitative assessment of treatment effectiveness in reducing PPD symptoms will be conducted with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a 10-item validated self-report scale. Total scores on the EPDS range from 0 to 30, with scores 13 and above indicating depressive illness, or a high risk of developing a depressive disorder. The measure will be administered at Week 8: After completing the second 4-week intervention and completing the entire 8-week two-intervention sequence. |
| Postpartum Depression at follow up | At 6 months | Quantitative assessment of treatment effectiveness in reducing PPD symptoms will be conducted with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a 10-item validated self-report scale. Total scores on the EPDS range from 0 to 30, with scores 13 and above indicating depressive illness, or a high risk of developing a depressive disorder. The measure will be administered at 6 months post enrollment. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
CONTACTMelissa Giuliano, LMSW
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORYeraz Markarian, PhD
Hackensack Meridian Health
Outcome results
None listed