Sleep
Conditions
Keywords
Sleep, slow wave, Polysomnography, Marijuana Abuse, Cannabinoids, Ecological Momentary Assessment, Sleep Duration
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to learn more about cannabis use, sleep, and stress, and whether there is any relationship between the three.
Detailed description
After passing a physical assessment and psychological screen, 60 participants will be enrolled. Ahead of the 21-day protocol participants will report to our laboratory sleep facilities and will be set-up to perform a full polysomnography test (monitored overnight sleep with equipment including superficial electrodes, heart rate \[HR\] monitor, breathing monitors). This initial night of sleep with study equipment is provided in order to reduce sleep differences based on sleeping in a new environment and the burden of wearing equipment while sleeping. Before and after this 8h sleep period participants will be introduced to all surveys and behavioral testing that will be used as part of the experimental nights. Participants who complete the familiarization night will be randomized to two different possible experimental protocols that differ in the length of the sleep period. In order to fully characterize cannabis use behaviors (frequency, amount, mode of use) on sleep in an individual's typical environment (i.e. in the places and during the activities of normal living), we will implement 21 days of activity monitoring via multiple daily surveys (which collectively is a research strategy known as Ecological Monitoring Assessment \[i.e., EMA\]) along with concurrent actigraphy, that is, the monitoring of movement via the use of a wrist-worn watch-like device. Approximately one-week into this observational period, participants will complete the 2 x 4-night experimental nights (consecutive nights) with a washout (return to habitual sleep patterns) of at least 6 days. Participants are able to spend the day outside of the laboratory during the experimental night period (i.e. they will come into the lab each night to sleep, and have their sleep monitored, but able to do normal activities during the days). Following in laboratory assessments, participants will complete any remaining at home assessments needed for 21 days of EMA/actigraphy.
Interventions
OTHERManipulation of Sleep Duration
After a baseline assessment of sleep, participants will undergo either 2 nights of restricted sleep (4 hour time in bed) followed by a recovery sleep, OR 3 nights of an extended sleep opportunity (10 hour time in bed)
Sponsors
Oregon Health and Science University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Intervention model description
After a baseline assessment of sleep, participants will undergo either 2 nights of restricted sleep (4h time in bed \[TIB\]) followed by a recovery sleep, OR 3 nights of an extended sleep opportunity (10h TIB)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
21 Years to 29 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* fluent in English * 18.5\<BMI\<40 kg/m2 * no shift work in the last 12 months * no travel across time zones in the last 2 months.
Exclusion criteria
* Chronic disease-Medical history/prior diagnosis of the following: * cardiometabolic disease (e.g., myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes) * essential hypertension * hepatic impairment * severe obstructive sleep apnea * restless legs syndrome * parasomnia * neurological disease (e.g., early onset dementia) * unstable psychiatric disorders (e.g., bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depression with suicidality). * Drug/Alcohol use criteria: * Illicit drugs apart from cannabis or related products are prohibitive. * Volunteers may consume caffeine, however, \>3 cups of coffee (or otherwise equivalent of \>300mg/day) is prohibitive. * Participants who consume \>14 alcoholic drinks/week and/or have a diagnosis (or history) of alcohol use disorder will be excluded (a toxicological urine screen will be conducted to verify reported non-use during the initial screening and on the day of admission to the in-laboratory portion of the study). * Use of prescription or over-the-counter medications or supplements that affect sleep are also exclusionary. * Contraceptives are required for women and will continue to be taken throughout the experiment. * Prior Shift Work: * Volunteers must have no history of working irregular day and night hours, regular night work, or rotating shift work for the 3 months prior to the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Daily Cannabis Use Frequency | Assessed in surveys performed 4 times per day, and across the entire 21-day study | The number of smoking/vaping sessions per day. |
| Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) | 21 days | Wake after sleep onset (measured in minutes) will be assessed each night from actigraphy; larger value indicates greater disruptions to sleep. |
| Cortisol Awakening Response | 8 nights | Salivary cortisol levels assessed as the difference between waking and peak levels assessed \ 30-45 minutes after awakening. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total Sleep Time | up to 21 days | Measured (in minutes)from actigraphy (21 days of data) and in laboratory study using polysomnography (8 nights of data). |
| Sleep Macroarchitecture | 8 nights | Non rapid eye movement (NREM) 1-3 and Rapid eye movement (REM), time and %, assessed each night of the in laboratory study using polysomnography. |
| Sleep Microarchitecture | 8 nights | Delta power, theta power, and alpha power during quiet wakefulness and sleep assessed during the in laboratory study using polysomnography. |
| Median Reaction Time | 8 days | Assessed from a 10 minute psychomotor vigilance test approximately hourly during the in laboratory component of the study; larger value indicates reduced vigilance. |
| Time to NREM1 Sleep (modified Maintenance of Wakefulness) | 8 days | Assessment of sleep pressure using a modified Maintenance of Wakefulness test provided approximately hourly during the in laboratory component of the study. |
| Subjective Sleepiness | 21 days | Assessed 4-5 times/day as part of the Ecological Monitoring Assessment (EMA) and approximately hourly during the in laboratory component of the study using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). The KSS uses a 9-point scale with 1 = extremely alert and 9 = extremely sleepy - fighting sleep. |
| Pre-Ejection Period | 8 days | Using continuous electrocardiogram (EKG) during the in laboratory portion of the study we will calculate the interval between the Q wave on the EKG signal and the B point on the dZ/dt signal. |
| Negative Affect | 21 days | Daily assessments of negative affect will be collected during the EMA using the PANAS with values ranging from 10-50 (lower scores representing lower levels of negative affect). |
| Mood | 21 days | Daily assessments of mood will be collected during the EMA using abbreviated versions of Profile of Mood States (POMS) with each mood description rated on a 5-point scale between not at all (0) to extremely (4). |
| Cannabis Use Composite Score | 21 days | Composite score based on daily frequency of use, amount of use, time of use, and method of use. |
| Positive Affect | 21 days | Daily assessments of positive affect will be collected during the EMA using The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scales with values ranging from 10-50 (high score representing higher levels of positive affect). |
| Sleep Low Frequency HRV | 8 nights | Assessed from continuous EKG during the in laboratory portion of the study, low frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz) HRV will be calculated by passing R-R intervals through a fast Fourier power spectral analysis on all 2-minute periods of nocturnal EKG of stable PSG identified sleep. |
| Sleep Normalized HF Power | 8 nights | Normalized HF power is calculated by dividing integrated HF spectra by the total power (LF+HF) and multiplying by 100. |
| Sleep standard deviation of the R-R interval of normal sinus beats (SDNN) | 8 nights | Time domain HRV will be expressed using the standard deviation of the R-R interval of normal sinus beats (SDNN) during stable 2-minute segments of sleep. |
| Area under the curve of the CAR | 8 nights | Total amount of cortisol secreted after awakening assessed using the trapezoidal rule to assess area under the curve from waking to 60 minutes post waking saliva cortisol levels. |
| Sleep High Frequency Heart Rate Variability (HRV) | 8 nights | Assessed from continuous EKG during the in laboratory portion of the study, high frequency (HF; 0.15-0.4 Hz) HRV will be calculated by passing R-R intervals through a fast Fourier power spectral analysis on all 2-minute periods of nocturnal EKG of stable PSG identified sleep. |
| Wake After Sleep Onset (Polysomnography) | 8 nights | Wake after sleep onset (measured in minutes) will be assessed each night of the in laboratory study using polysomnography \[PSG\]); larger value indicates greater disruptions to sleep. |
| Sleep Latency | 8 nights | Measured in minutes and assessed each night of the in laboratory study using polysomnography; assessed at time from in bed and lights off to any stage of sleep including Non rapid eye movement (NREM) 1. |
Contacts
Primary ContactNicole Bowles, PhD
Outcome results
None listed