Smartphone Addiction
Conditions
Keywords
Addictive Behavior, Smartphone addiction, screen time, digital well-being, mental health
Brief summary
This study will test the effect of exposure to short, animated storytelling videos on participants' perceived risk of smartphone overuse immediately after exposure, two weeks later and four weeks later.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALShort animated videos
The short animated videos (approximately 2 minutes each) draw attention to the dangers of smartphone addiction.
BEHAVIORALInformational Control
A short fact sheet presenting written information and statistics about smartphone usage.
Sponsors
Stanford University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* English Speaking * Own a Smartphone * Live in the US
Exclusion criteria
* None
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Smartphone Addiction Scale (SmAS) score | Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks post intervention | SmAS is a short 10 item validated scale measuring smartphone addiction. The minimum value is 10 and the maximum value is 60 for this scale. |
| Mobile Phone Attachment Scale - Anxious Attachment Sub Scale (MPAS-AA) | Baseline, immediate post-intervention (up to 24 hours), 2 weeks and 4 weeks post intervention | The MPAS Anxious Attachment subscale comprises 7 items rated 1 (not at all true) to 5 (extremely true). Subscale scores were computed as the mean of the 7 items (range 1-5), with higher scores indicating greater anxious attachment to one's mobile phone. The MPAS-AA has demonstrated good internal consistency (α=.87) and external validity. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mobile Phone Attachment Scale - Addiction Sub Scale (MPAS_Addiction) | Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks post intervention | Mobile phone addiction will be assessed with the MPAS Addiction subscale (6 items). Items are rated on a 5-point scale from 1 = not at all true to 5 = extremely true; responses are averaged to create a subscale score (range 1-5), with higher scores indicating greater addictive/problematic mobile phone use. |
| Perceived Danger of Smartphone Overuse measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) | Baseline, immediately post intervention exposure (up to 24 hours), 2 weeks and 4 weeks post intervention exposure | Perceived danger of smartphone overuse will be assessed with a single-item 10-point slider (visual analogue-type scale) ranging from 0 = not at all dangerous to 10 = extremely dangerous. Higher scores indicate greater perceived danger. |
| Self-reported daily smartphone use (past 2 weeks) | Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks post intervention exposure | Self-reported daily smartphone use will be assessed via a single self-report item asking participants: 'On average, how many hours per day did you use your phone over the past two weeks?' Responses are recorded in 6 ordered categories: \<1 h, 1-2 h, 2-4 h, 4-6 h, 6-8 h, \>8 h, with higher categories indicating greater daily use. |
| Self-perceived smartphone addiction (single item; Olsen) | Baseline, immediately post intervention exposure (up to 24 hours) 2 weeks and 4 weeks post intervention exposure | Self-perceived smartphone addiction will be assessed using Olsen's single-item smartphone addiction measure, asking agreement with the statement 'I am addicted to my smartphone' on a 6-point Likert scale from Strongly disagree (1) to Strongly agree (6). Higher scores indicate greater self-perceived smartphone addiction. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORMaya U Adam, MD
Stanford University
Outcome results
None listed