Healthy
Conditions
Brief summary
This study used a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effects of different forms of horticultural group interventions on college students' depression, anxiety and subjective well-being, and the internal mechanisms of the effects. Participants are required to complete the following tasks: Attend one indoor/outdoor group gardening activity per week, lasting 2 hours each session, for a total of 8 weeks. Complete psychological scale assessments at five time points: before the activity begins, at 4 weeks after the start, upon completion of the activity, and at 1 week and 2 weeks after completion.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALoutdoor-horticultural therapy
Students are randomly assigned to the Outdoor Horticultural Therapy group, where they will receive outdoor horticultural therapy for eight weeks
BEHAVIORALindoor-Horticultural Therapy group
Students are randomly assigned to the indoor horticultural therapy group, where they will receive indoor horticultural therapy for 8 weeks
BEHAVIORALGeneral Psychological Group Counselling Team
Students were randomly assigned to general group groups to participate in an 8-week mental health group activity
Sponsors
Ye Zhiyin
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Caregiver)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
\- University students
Exclusion criteria
* Diagnosed with a mental disorder
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Depression | From enrollment to 2 weeks after the completion of the 8-week treatment Edit Copy Outcome | The Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9): This scale consists of 9 items, each rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms in the subject. |
| Anxiety | From enrollment to 2 weeks after the completion of the 8-week treatment | Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7): This scale consists of 7 items, each rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety symptoms in the subjects. |
| Positive And Negative Affective | From enrollment to 2 weeks after the completion of the 8-week treatment | Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): This scale consists of 20 items, including 10 positive affect items and 10 negative affect items, with each item rated on a Likert five-point scale. Higher scores on the positive affect items indicate higher levels of positive affect in the participants, while higher scores on the negative affect items indicate higher levels of negative affect in the participants. |
| Life satisfaction | From enrollment to 2 weeks after the completion of the 8-week treatment | The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS): This scale consists of 5 items, each rated on a 7-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater life satisfaction among participants. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Self-concept | From enrollment to 2 weeks after the completion of the 8-week treatment | Sense of Mastery Scale, SMS. This scale consists of 12 items, with each item rated on a five-point Likert scale. Higher scores indicate a clearer self-concept among the participants. |
| meaning in life | From enrollment to 2 weeks after the completion of the 8-week treatment | The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ): This scale consists of 10 items with two dimensions: Presence of Meaning (MLQ-P) and Search for Meaning (MLQ-S). Each item adopts a 7-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating that participants experience a stronger sense of meaning in life. |
| Resilience | From enrollment to 2 weeks after the completion of the 8-week treatment | The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): The scale consists of 25 items divided into three dimensions-tenacity, self-reliance, and optimism. Each item is rated on a Likert five-point scale. Higher scores indicate greater psychological resilience in the subjects. |
| nature connection | From enrollment to 2 weeks after the completion of the 8-week treatment | The Nature Connection Scale, which consists of 14 items, employs a 5-point Likert scale for each item, with higher scores indicating that participants perceive themselves as more closely connected to nature. |
| Grit | From enrollment to 2 weeks after the completion of the 8-week treatment | The Grit Scale consists of 12 items with two dimensions: the Effort dimension and the Interest Consistency dimension. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating that participants perceive themselves as more perseverant. |
| Loneliness | From enrollment to 2 weeks after the completion of the 8-week treatment | UCLA Loneliness Scale: This scale consists of 8 items, each rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating stronger feelings of loneliness in the subjects. |
| Sense of control | From enrollment to 2 weeks after the completion of the 8-week treatment | Sense of Mastery Scale (SMS): This scale consists of 7 items, each using a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating a stronger sense of mastery in the subjects. |
| Avoidance | From enrollment to 2 weeks after the completion of the 8-week treatment | The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) was initially simplified and revised by Gámez et al. based on the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire to assess content related to experiential avoidance. Cao et al. conducted a Chinese version revision in 2021. The questionnaire consists of 15 items, with the cognitive avoidance dimension containing 8 items and the behavioral avoidance dimension containing 7 items, all rated on a 6-point scale from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree. |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed