Healthy Children
Conditions
Keywords
Gross motor movement, balance, screen time, school-aged children
Brief summary
Gross motor function involves large muscle control for activities like walking, running, and sports, and is essential for balance and coordination. Excessive screen time may hinder gross motor development by reducing physical activity, affecting strength and coordination. Structured activities like free play and exercise are key to minimizing these effects. A cross-sectional study will be conducted over 10 months in public and private schools in Lahore. Children aged 7-10 will be included. Screen time will be assessed through demographic data, and gross motor skills evaluated using the TGMD-2. Exclusion criteria: PBS \< 20, TGMD-2 \< 30, recent orthopedic surgery, and MMSE \< 26. Data will be analyzed in SPSS v25 using descriptive statistics and correlation. This study explores the impact of screen time on children's physical development, particularly gross motor skills and balance
Detailed description
This study aims to examine the impact of screen time on gross motor development in school-aged children. Gross motor function, which involves large muscle control for activities such as walking, running, and sports, plays a vital role in developing balance, coordination, and overall physical health. With increased screen use among children, physical activity levels may decrease, potentially affecting their motor development. A cross-sectional study will be conducted over 10 months in public and private schools across Lahore. The target population includes children aged 7 to 10 years. Screen time exposure will be recorded through demographic questionnaires, and gross motor skills will be assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2). Children will be excluded if they have a Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) score below 20, a TGMD-2 score below 30, recent orthopedic surgery, or a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score below 26. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 25 with descriptive statistics and correlation tests. This study seeks to identify how screen time may influence key aspects of children's physical development, particularly focusing on gross motor skills and balance
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Riphah International University
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
7 Years to 10 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Children between ages 7 to 10 years * Children with screen time exposure of more than 2 hours per day on a weekday (30, * Screen time exposure through television, smartphones, tablets, laptops or computers. * Children with exposure of screen time more than 3 hours on a weekend
Exclusion criteria
* Children with Pediatric balance score: below 45. * Children with TGMD-2 Score: below 30 (less than 10 percentile). * Children who have had orthopedic surgery within the previous 6 months. * Cognition Score below 26 on MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| PBS (Pediatric Berg Balance Scale) | baseline | The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) is a modified version of Berg's Balance Scale, designed for school-aged children with mild to moderate motor difficulties. In a study by Bal et al., 20 children (ages 5-15) with balance disorders were tested twice by the same examiner. Additionally, 10 pediatric physical therapists, unaware of the study hypotheses, rated 10 randomly chosen sessions. The PBS showed excellent reliability, with high test-retest (ICC = 0.998) and interrater (ICC = 0.997) consistency, confirming its effectiveness as a reliable balance assessment tool for this population |
| Screen Time Questionnaire | baseline | The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), a modified Berg's Balance Scale, is for school-aged children with mild to moderate motor difficulties. In a study by Bal et al., 20 children (ages 5-15) were tested twice by the same examiner, and 10 pediatric physical therapists rated 10 randomly chosen sessions. PBS showed high test-retest (ICC = 0.998) and interrater reliability (ICC = 0.997), confirming its effectiveness as a reliable balance assessment tool |
| TGMD-2 (Test of Gross Motor Development-2) | baseline | The Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2) evaluates children's motor skills. A study assessed the Portuguese version for clarity, validity, and reliability. Two trials per child were video recorded for analysis. The motor tasks were found clear and reflective of motor development. The test showed good validity (Chi-square/df = 3.38; GFI = 0.95; AGFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.83) and strong reliability (locomotor: r = 0.82; object control: r = 0.88). |
| kinovea software | baseline | Kinovea is a non-invasive, cost-effective tool for assessing thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. In a study with 18 participants, its measurements were compared to Cobb's method. Inter- and intra-rater reliability showed moderate to perfect agreement (ICC \< 0.001). Validity for thoracic kyphosis was moderate and dependent on evaluator expertise, while lumbar lordosis showed weaker correlation. Kinovea proves useful for clinical and research-based postural assessments |
Contacts
Primary ContactImran amjad, PHD
Backup ContactMuhammad Asif javed, MS-PT
Outcome results
None listed