Health Beliefs Model, Enhancing Workers' Adherence,Personal Protective Equipment

Occupational Toxicity and Health Hazards of the Healthcare Providers at Healthcare Facilities in Sulaimani City, Iraq

Personal protective equipment is designed to protect workers from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. It may include items such as gloves, safety glasses and shoes, earplugs or muffs, hard hats, respirators, and full body suits. True experimental design, using randomized controlled trial approach, is carried throughout the present study to determine the efficacy of applying the Health Beliefs Model in enhancing health behaviors of workers related to personal protective equipment wear at Diyala state company for the period of February 1 2024 through January 1 2025. The sample of the study is A probability, simple random sample and it consist of (100) worker, who are work at factories in Diyala state company .The sample is randomly selected and assigned to the study and control groups of (50) workers each for who are equally distributed from each factory. The intervention for the study group involved a health intervention lecture about occupational hazards and personal protective equipment used based on HBM. Analyzed data using SPSS, Version 23 using descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics and mixed design analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings of this study depict that there were statistically significant differences among all concepts of the HBM related to occupational hazards prevention by using PPE. This study concluded that Applying HBM demonstrates the importance of PPE use in prevention of occupational hazard or accident in workplace and has a positive impact on workers' behaviors.

Occupational Exposure to Lead, Nickel and Copper among Workers in Diyala State Company, The objective of this study was assessment occupational exposure to Pb, Ni, and Cu metals of workers in Diyala state company. Eighty two blood samples were collected (58 blood samples from workers working in the Diyala State Company and 24 samples from control samples for employees who don't relate with industrial emissions). Five ml. of venous blood was withdrawn for each sample. The concentration of Pb, Ni and Cu in the blood samples was determined by using the Flame less Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FLAAS), depending on the years of work, high levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu in company workers than controls with significant differences (p\<0.05). the investigates noticed increase levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu with occupation period progression, where it is found the levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu scored highest mean within 21-34 occupation period, and least mean value at \<1 occupation period . Based on occupational places, investigates noticed highest levels of Pb in Iron heart worker , Ni level was highest in painting worker , and Cu level was highest in wires worker and least of all metals was at controls. Depending on age stages, investigates showed increase levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu with age stages progression, where it is found the levels of Pb, Ni, and Cu scored highest mean within \>50 age stage, while the least mean value of Pb, and Cu at 3-40 years age stage, and least mean value of Ni was at \<30 age. Finally, we notice there are positive correlations among metals and workers age.

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