Parkinson Disease
Conditions
Keywords
Parkinson disease, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Motor control
Brief summary
Visuomotor processing is the ability to integrate visual information into motor plans and movement correction, which is highly required in daily activities such as writing and walking. As visual impairments have been reported in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), it is likely that those impairments may affect visuomotor processing ability and subsequently impair motor performance. Furthermore, people with PD and freezing of gait (FOG) have exhibited poorer visual perception than those without FOG, yet the differences of visuomotor control have not been well investigated. Additionally, little did the studies apply neurophysiological assessment to investigate the associated neural mechanisms. This study aims to investigate behavioral and neurophysiological differences in visuomotor control among people with PD and FOG (freezers), without FOG (non-freezers), and age-matched healthy controls. Sixty-three participants, 21 freezers, 21 non-freezers, and 21 age-matched healthy controls, will be enrolled in this study. Behavioral assessments, including a manual control task and visual perception tests will be used to evaluate visuomotor and visual perceptual abilities. Neurophysiological correlates, including corticomotor excitability and corticocortical connectivity between V1-M1 and PPC-M1, will be examined using transcranial magnetic stimulation. It is hypothesized that freezers will demonstrate the greatest visuomotor impairments and disrupted corticocortical connectivity compared to non-freezers and controls. By integrating behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes, this study seeks to unravel the mechanisms linking visual and motor impairments to FOG, ultimately providing insights into targeted interventions to improve visuomotor processing and motor performance in PD.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
National Taiwan University Hospital
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* age above 18 * able to follow the researchers' instructions * normal or correct-to-normal vision to view a computer screen
Exclusion criteria
* neurological disorders other than PD * diagnosed psychological disorders or a tendency of anxiety and/or depression * a self-history of seizure or a family history of epilepsy * deep brain stimulation or pacemaker implanted * unstable cardiovascular diseases or other uncontrolled medical conditions * pregnant * surgical history, severe injury, or severe tremor of their upper extremities that can affect their movements in the past 6 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Root-mean square-error | Day 1 | Overall performance accuracy relative to the target waveform, which is the mean difference between the target waveform and the participant's movement trajectory calculated over their actual movement time. |
| Directional error | Day 1 | The value of the instantaneous component of the hand movement vector, perpendicular to the target trajectory in every sampled time point, which will be calculated and expressed as a percentage of the total movement vector |
| Squared mean jerk | Day 1 | The squared mean of the jerk of the visuomotor trajectory, which a minor JSM is assumed a major smoothness by better controlling the movement. |
| Movement time | Day 1 | Total movement time of a trial will be recorded. |
| Tracking interruption | Day 1 | Frequency and duration of tracking interruptions will be recorded when the participant's cursor exits the target circle. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Test | Day 2 | A 30-item neuropsychological assessment of visuospatial ability. Participants are required to match 2 angled line portions on the top page to an array of 11 target lines, and the correction rate will be recorded. |
| Random dot cinematogram | Day 2 | A psychological assessment of visual motor perception. Participants need to distinguish the coherent motion direction, and the correction rate and minimal detectable threshold of coherence will be recorded. |
| National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 | Day 2 | A 25-item self-reported questionnaire of visual-related activities, which the total score will be recorded. |
| Purdue Pegboard Test | Day 2 | A behavioral assessment of hand dexterity ability. Participants are instructed to use one or both hands to sequentially move as many pegs into two parallel rows of holes as possible, within a set time limit, and the movement time will be recorded. |
| Timed Up and Go Test | Day 2 | A behavioral assessment of dynamic balance ability. Participants will be instructed to rise from a chair, walk for 3 meters, turn around, return to the chair, and sit down, and the movement time will be recorded. |
| Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale | Day 1 | A comprehensive scale of Parkinson disease characteristics, including non-motor aspects of experiences of daily living, motor aspects of experiences of daily living, motor examination, and motor complications. Scores of each subscales will be recorded. |
| New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire | Day 1 | A self-reported questionnaire to evaluate the frequency and severity of freezing of gait in people with PD, which the total score will be recorded. |
| Cortical excitability | Day 1 and Day 2 | Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device (The Magstim Company Ltd, Whitland, UK) will be used to determine the neurophysiology of corticomotor excitability. |
| Corticocortical connectivity | Day 1 and Day 2 | Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device (The Magstim Company Ltd, Whitland, UK) will be used to determine the neurophysiology of corticocortical connectivity. |
Countries
Taiwan
Contacts
CONTACTYa-Yun Lee, PhD
CONTACTSung-Hao Lu
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORGraduate Institute of Physical Therapy
National Taiwan University
Outcome results
None listed