Acupressure, Coronary Angiography and Intervention
Conditions
Keywords
pain, coronary angiography, anxiety, vital signs, Acupressure, nursing care
Brief summary
This randomized controlled experimental study aimed to determine the effects of acupressure applied before the procedure on pain, anxiety and vital signs in patients who applied to Kocaeli City Hospital Angiography Unit and were to undergo planned radial artery coronary angiography.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted at the Kocaeli City Hospital Angiography Unit to determine the effects of acupressure applied before coronary angiography on pain, anxiety and vital signs of the patients scheduled to undergo coronary angiography. It was conducted at the Kocaeli City Hospital Angiography Unit. The study used a stratified block randomization method and 93 patients who met the inclusion criteria were assigned to two different intervention groups, one of which received acupressure and the other a sham intervention before coronary angiography, and a control group receiving standard care. Data were collected using the 'Personal Information Form', 'State Anxiety Inventory (STAI)', 'Visual Analog Scale (VAS)' and 'Patient Follow-up Form'.
Interventions
OTHERAcupressure
Acupressure will be applied to a total of three points: the 4th point of the Large Intestine Meridian (LI4-Hegu point) and the 6th point of the pericardial meridian (PC6- Nei Guan point), located three fingers above the wrist.
OTHERSham acupressure
Sham acupressure will be applied to three points parallel to HT7, LI4 and PC6, approximately 1-1.5 cm away from the meridians.
Sponsors
Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Masking description
The participant does not know which group he/she is in.
Intervention model description
It is a single-blind, parallel group, pre-test-post-follow-up randomized controlled experimental study.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
for the study * Over 18 years of age, * Able to understand and speak Turkish, * Open to communication, * First time undergoing radial artery coronary angiography, * Elective patients undergoing planned (non-urgent) coronary angiography, * Patients who did not undergo stent/balloon intervention during angiography, * Awake and conscious during coronary intervention (not having taken sedatives (dormicum/fentanyl)) * No deformities or lesions in the areas where acupressure will be applied (hematoma, ecchymosis, etc.) * Having not taken sedatives or painkillers 5 hours before the angiography, * No experience with acupressure, * No history of attending training courses and yoga classes to control stress and anxiety in the last six months * No diagnosis of anxiety disorder and not receiving medical treatment * No diagnosis of depression and not receiving medical treatment * Flat on the back (patients without respiratory distress, etc.), * Hemodynamically stable (no chest pain or arrhythmia), * Patients who volunteer to participate in the study,
Exclusion criteria
for the study * Diagnosed with any psychiatric disease * Previously undergone coronary angiography from the radial or femoral artery * Chronic pain * Used opioid medication * CAG procedure to be performed from the femoral artery
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI) | Before acupressure application, 20 minutes after acupressure application (20 minutes after application in the sham acupressure group, 20 min. after the initial measurement in the control group), immediately after the CABG procedure, 2 and 4 hours later | The State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI) is a scale developed by Spielberger et al. in 1970. The STAI determines how an individual feels at a certain moment and under a certain condition. The Turkish adaptation of the STAI was made by Öner and Le Compte in 1983 and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was reported as 0.94 (Öner and Le Compte, 1985). The STAI consists of 20 questions on a four-point Likert type. The statements in the STAI are evaluated as not at all 1 point, a little 2 points, a lot 3 points and completely 4 points. In this section, the statements are divided into direct and reversed. The scale score varies between 20-80 and an increase in the score obtained from the scale indicates an increase in the anxiety level. A score of 0-19 indicates no anxiety, a score of 20-39 indicates mild, a score of 40-59 indicates moderate and a score of 60-79 indicates severe anxiety. It is stated that those who score 60 points and above need professional help. |
| Visual pain scale for pain assessment | Before acupressure application, 20 minutes after acupressure application (20 minutes after application in the sham acupressure group, 20 min. after the initial measurement in the control group), immediately after the CABG procedure, 2 and 4 hours later | The scale is a 10 cm vertical or horizontal line on which patients mark their pain, with no pain written on one end and unbearable pain on the other. The distance between where the patient marks their pain and the no pain range is measured and recorded. The scale consists of five parts. Each of the sections is in the range of 2 points. '0' points - no pain, '1-2 points, very mild pain', '3-4 points, mild pain', '5-6 points, moderate pain', '7-8 points, severe pain' means '9-10 points, excruciating pain'. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The blood pressure measurements | Including a total of 5 measurements before the procedure, 20 minutes after the application, immediately after the procedure, 2 hours after the procedure, and 4 hours after the procedure. | Blood pressure monitoring will be used to evaluate the effects of acupressure, sham and control groups on physiological signs of pain and anxiety. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements are performed by the researcher using the same manual sphygmomanometer instrument. Blood pressure is expressed in mmHg. |
| The heart rate measurement | Including a total of 5 measurements before the procedure, 20 minutes after the application, immediately after the procedure, 2 hours after the procedure, and 4 hours after the procedure. | Heart rate will be used to evaluate the effects of acupressure, sham and control groups on physiological signs of pain and anxiety. Heart rate is measured by the researcher by counting over the radial artery (the untreated artery) for one minute. Heart rate refers to the number of beats per minute. |
| Respiratory rate | Including a total of 5 measurements before the procedure, 20 minutes after the application, immediately after the procedure, 2 hours after the procedure, and 4 hours after the procedure. | It will be used to evaluate the effects of breathing, acupressure, sham and control groups on physiological signs of pain and anxiety. Respiratory rate is measured by the researcher by counting the inspiratory and expiratory movements of the chest for one minute. Respiratory rate refers to the number of breaths per minute. |
| Oxygen saturation | Including a total of 5 measurements before the procedure, 20 minutes after the application, immediately after the procedure, 2 hours after the procedure, and 4 hours after the procedure. | Oxygen saturation will be used to evaluate the effects of pain and anxiety on hemodynamic parameters in acupressure, sham and control groups. Oxygen saturation was measured by placing a pulse oximeter on the patient's finger, which was used by the researcher to determine the level of oxygen in the blood. The normal reference range for the evaluation of oxygen saturation expressed as SpO2 was accepted as 95-100%. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed