Efficacy of Matcha Tea on Patients With Biofilm-induced Gingivitis

Gingivitis

1. Evaluate the salivary level of antioxidants (malondialdehyde MDA, superoxide dismutase SOD, and glutathione peroxidase-1 GPX-1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (ELISA). 2. Measuring clinical periodontal parameters, which are plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival index (GI), between the baseline and endpoint of the study, which is one month.

Gingivitis is the most common form of periodontal disease (PD). In a survey conducted in three Latin American cities, gingivitis was detected in approximately 99.6% of 1650 subjects. It is defined as inflammation affecting gingival tissue surrounding teeth. Clinically, it is characterized by gingival redness and edema with no periodontal attachment loss. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other free radicals (R) during metabolism is a normal process that ideally is compensated by an endogenous antioxidant system. However, due to many environmental, lifestyle, and pathological situations, excess radicals can accumulate, resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress (OS) has been related to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other chronic diseases. It also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Inflammatory response is a part of many diseases. It may lead to the production of excessive amounts of substances promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cell structures and lead to long-term disruption in the functioning of the body. One solution to keeping the appropriate oxidative balance is a high supply of exogenic antioxidants that aims to equalize and prevent oxidative processes. It is also important to maintain a correct lifestyle, free from stress-inducing factors. There are 3 main varieties of tea: green, black, and oolong. The difference is in how the teas are processed. Green tea is made from unfermented leaves and reportedly contains the highest concentration of powerful antioxidants called polyphenols. Antioxidants are substances that fight free radicals, damaging compounds in the body that change cells, damage DNA, and even cause cell death. Antioxidants, such as polyphenols in green tea, can neutralize free radicals and may reduce or even help prevent some of the damage. Matcha tea is Japanese powdered green tea that is derived from the Camellia sinensis plant, the same plant of green tea. It contains huge amounts of polyphenols, amino acids (mainly tannins), and caffeine that probably increase its antioxidant characteristic. Matcha tea is planted and processed differently. First, during the cultivation, green tea is grown in the sun; however, matcha tea is grown under shadow during the last few weeks before harvesting. Therefore, this difference in cultivation procedure leads to a higher amount of theanine and polyphenols in the content of Matcha tea. Matcha tea contains more than double the amount of vitamin C than green tea. Vitamin C is a powerful exogenous antioxidant that reinforces the immune defense of the body. Additionally, it helps to seal blood vessels, has anti-inflammatory properties, and also supports the immune system.

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