Glycaemic Index, Glycaemic Response Measurements
Conditions
Keywords
Fruit Drinks, Glycaemic Index
Brief summary
Glycaemic responses to carbohydrates ingested as fruit sugars may vary depending on factors inherent to the fruit and the type of sugar. The aim of this project is to investigate the glycaemic responses to a range of commercially available fruit drinks and to establish the glycaemic index for each product relative to a glucose reference. Differences in recorded responses could also be influenced by the sample type (capillary blood vs interstitial fluid) and participant characteristics. Participants will ingest 8 test drinks including 5 different fruit drinks (OJ, AJ, S&B, ENERGISE, BLUE), each matched for carbohydrate to the glucose reference (CONTROL) which will be sampled two times, an additional sample of one of the smoothies (S&B) will also be replicated. Fingerstick capillary blood sampling alongside dual sited continuous glucose monitors (CGM) will measure glucose and lactate concentrations, subjective appetite sensations will also be recorded. The tests will follow best practice guidelines for glycaemic index testing. These data will provide insight into how differing formulations can alter the glycaemic responses to fruit drinks, and whether sampling technique can affect the interpretations of measurement.
Interventions
OTHERFruit drink
Commercially available fruit drinks or smoothies
Sponsors
University of Bath
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Randomised, controlled, replicate crossover trial
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Age: 18-65 years * Body mass index 18-30 kg/m2
Exclusion criteria
* diagnosis of any form of diabetes * intolerances or allergies to any of the study procedures (e.g. fructose/inulin intolerance) * Fructose malabsorption * Inborn errors of fructose metabolism (e.g. fructokinase deficiency, aldolase B deficiency, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency) * pregnant or lactating * any condition that could introduce bias to the study (e.g. diagnoses of lipid disorders, including cardiovascular disease, or therapies that alter lipid or glucose metabolism, such as statins or niacin).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Glycaemic indices for 5 test drinks measured using capillary blood samples | 120 minutes | Glycaemic indices \[2-hour incremental area under the glucose curve (mmol/L-1x120 minutes) for each of the 5 test drinks relative to mean value of control conditions (CONTROL, REPLICATE CONTROL), expressed as a percentage\] in capillary blood samples |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Glycaemic index of all conditions with capillary blood samples vs CGM | 120 minutes | The difference in glycaemic index \[2-hour incremental area under the glucose curve (mmol/L-1x120 minutes) for 5 test drinks relative to mean control (CONTROL, REPLICATE CONTROL), expressed as a percentage\] in capillary blood samples versus continuous glucose monitors. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Comparisons between conditions in lactate concentration in capillary samples | 120 minutes | Comparison of blood lactate concentration 2-hour incremental area under the curve (iAUC) min.mmol/L between test conditions |
| Comparisons between conditions of appetite ratings | 120 minutes | Comparison of subjective appetite sensations assessed with visual analogue scales (2-hour area under the curve min.mmVAS) |
| Comparisons between conditions in glucose concentration in capillary samples | 120 minutes | Comparison of blood glucose concentration 2-hour incremental area under the curve (iAUC) min.mmol/L between test conditions |
| Comparisons within individuals | 120 minutes | Comparison within individuals of interstitial glucose concentrations measurements from continuous glucose monitors on left and right arms. |
| Comparisons between individuals | 120 minutes | Comparison of Postprandial lactate concentration min.mmol/L between individuals 2-hour incremental area under curve (iAUC) |
| Comparisons between conditions in glucose concentration with CGM | 120 minutes | Comparison of glucose concentration 2-hour incremental area under the curve (iAUC) min.mmol/L between test conditions |
Countries
United Kingdom
Contacts
Primary ContactEmma L Greatorex Brooks
Outcome results
None listed