Breast Feeding, Maternal Behavior, Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Pain, Vaccines, Nursing, Breastfeeding, Maternal holding, Infants
Brief summary
Pain management in infants is a medical responsibility of all members of the healthcare team, and nurses hold a privileged role in this regard. The primary goal of pain management is to accurately assess and identify the infant's pain at an early stage, support the development of coping mechanisms through both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, and minimize the pain experience as much as possible. Pain management achieved through non-pharmacological interventions constitutes a safe, non-invasive, cost-effective, and independently performed nursing practice. This randomized controlled study was conducted to determine the effect of non-pharmacological methods, specifically maternal holding and breastfeeding, on reducing pain during vaccination in infants.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALMaternal Holding Intervention Group
The infant is required to be held in the mother's arms before, during, and after the procedure. The maternal holding method will be shown or explained to the mother by the researchers.
BEHAVIORALBreast Feeding Intervention Group
The infant's mother is instructed to begin breastfeeding 2 minutes before the procedure, continuing during and after the procedure. The breastfeeding position for the infant will be shown or explained to the mother by the researchers.
Sponsors
University of Yalova
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Caregiver)
Masking description
During randomization, a separate card color will be assigned for each of the three groups. These cards will be placed inside a black pouch, and the infant's mother will not be able to see them. The card selection will be carried out by a nurse working in the unit.
Intervention model description
Randomized controlled and quasi-experimental research
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
1 Months to 6 Months
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Being healthy, * Aged between 4 weeks and 6 months, * Parents have given verbal and written consent to participate in the study, * Born at term (37 weeks of gestation or later), * Scheduled for vaccination under the Ministry of Health's vaccination program, * Not having taken analgesics/antipyretics in the last 4 hours before the procedure, * Having a normal body temperature (between 36.5°C and 37.1°C).
Exclusion criteria
* Having a chronic or mental illness, or a congenital anomaly, * Being older than 6 months, * Having a body temperature above 37.1°C, * Receiving analgesics, sedatives, or any other medication.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of pain and crying duration in the infant held in the mother's arms during the vaccination procedure | Two minutes before the procedure, during the procedure, and three minutes after the procedure. | The pain of the infant held in the mother's arms will be measured using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale 2 minutes before the procedure, during the procedure, and 3 minutes after the procedure. The crying duration before and after the procedure will be measured using a stopwatch. |
| Evaluation of pain and crying duration in the infant held in the breast feeding during the vaccination procedure | Two minutes before the procedure, during the procedure, and three minutes after the procedure. | The pain of the infant using the breastfeeding method will be measured using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale 2 minutes before the procedure, during the procedure, and 2 minutes after the procedure. The crying duration before and after the procedure will be measured using a stopwatch. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed