Exercise, Obesity and Overweight, Obesity Prevention, Pilates Exercise
Conditions
Keywords
exercise, obesity, health, physical fitness, psychology
Brief summary
Obesity, a health problem, is caused by insufficient physical activity and unhealthy nutrition. For individuals with obesity, non-weight-bearing and enjoyable exercises, such as Pilates, should be implemented as physical activity due to potential pain. This study aims to examine the effects of an 8-week Pilates exercise program on body composition, posture, and psychosocial parameters in individuals with and without obesity. Methods: The study included 58 female participants: 30 individuals with obesity (nPilates = 15; nControl = 15) and 28 individuals without obesity (nPilates = 14; nControl = 14). Participants performed Pilates exercises twice a week for 8 weeks. Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and posture scores were calculated, and from a psychosocial perspective Emotional Eating Scale (EE), Social Physique Anxiety Inventory (SPA), and Self-Esteem Scales (SE) were administered before and after the eight weeks.
Detailed description
There are no studies in the literature examining the effects of Pilates exercises on emotional eating and posture. Additionally, there are no studies examining the effects of Pilates on posture in individuals with obesity. Most studies in the literature have focused on sedentary women; however, no study has specifically examined the effects of Pilates-based exercises on individuals with and without obesity. This study aims to investigate the effects of an 8-week Pilates intervention on postural alignment, BMI, fat percentage, and psychosocial parameters (emotional eating, social physical anxiety, and self-esteem) in individuals with and without obesity. Thus, this study will provide valuable insights into the role of Pilates in weight management, posture correction, and psychosocial well-being among individuals with and without obesity. The study included 58 female participants: 30 individuals with obesity (nPilates = 15; nControl = 15) and 28 individuals without obesity (nPilates = 14; nControl = 14). Participants performed Pilates exercises twice a week for 8 weeks. Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and posture scores were calculated, and from a psychosocial perspective Emotional Eating Scale (EE), Social Physique Anxiety Inventory (SPA), and Self-Esteem Scales (SE) were administered before and after the eight weeks.
Interventions
OTHERPilates Exercise
Pilates exercises were applied for 8 weeks
Sponsors
The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
University of Yalova
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Masking description
The researcher who performed the exercises was masked
Intervention model description
This study follows a randomized, parallel assignment interventional model with an open-label design. Participants were randomly assigned into four groups based on their obesity status and Pilates intervention: Pilates group with obesity Pilates group without obesity Control group with obesity Control group without obesity The intervention consisted of an 8-week Pilates program administered to the experimental groups, while control groups did not receive any intervention. The study aimed to examine the effects of Pilates on BMI, fat percentage, posture, emotional eating, social physical anxiety, and self-esteem. A mixed-design ANOVA was conducted to analyze the interaction between time (pre-test vs. post-test) and group differences. ANCOVA was used to adjust for baseline differences. Additional analyses, including independent samples t-tests and Chi-Square tests, were performed to assess BMI category changes. The study was conducted with an α-level of 0.05 for statistical significance
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Being a sedentary individual and not not doing regular physical activity * Being 20 years old or older * Having a BMI of 30 kg/m² or above for inclusion in the group of women with obesity. * Having a BMI below 30 kg/m² for inclusion in the group of women without obesity. * Not having any health problems that would prevent participation in exercise. * Not having undergone surgery affecting the musculoskeletal system within the last year.
Exclusion criteria
* Voluntary withdrawal from the study. * Failure to comply with the required procedures of the study. * Arbitrary disruption of the exercise schedule more than twice.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Body Mass Index (BMI) | Baseline and at the end of 8 weeks | Difference in BMI before and after the 8-week Pilates intervention. BMI is calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m²). |
| Change in Body Fat Percentage | Baseline and at the end of 8 weeks | Difference in body fat percentage before and after the intervention, assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) |
| Change in Posture Score | Baseline and at the end of 8 weeks | Assessed using the New York Posture Rating Scale to evaluate improvements in postural alignment. This assessment is conducted by scoring potential postural changes in 13 different parts of the body. If the person's each parts of body posture is correct, a score of 5 is given; if moderately impaired, a score of 3; and if severely impaired, a score of 1. The total score ranges from a maximum of 65 to a minimum of 13. A higher score indicates better posture alignment. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in Emotional Eating | Baseline and at the end of 8 weeks | Participants' emotional eating changes were measured with the Emotional Eating Scale. The scale consists of 10 items and is structured in a 4-point Likert format (0 = Never, 1 = Sometimes, 2 = Often, 3 = Always). The scale is scored between 0 and 30. A score of 30 indicates the highest level of emotional eating behavior, while a score of 0 indicates the absence of emotional eating behavior. |
| Change in Social Physique Anxiety | Baseline and at the end of 8 weeks | Changes in participants' social physics anxiety levels were measured with The Social Physique Anxiety Inventory. The items in the inventory are answered using a five-point scale (completely false, mostly false, sometimes false, sometimes true, mostly true, completely true). The minimum possible score from the inventory is 12, and the maximum is 60. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety about physical appearance |
| Change in Self-Esteem | Baseline and at the end of 8 weeks | The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used to measure self-esteem. The scale consists of 31 items. The minimum score is 31 and the maximum score is 155. An increase in the score obtained from the scale indicates an increase in self-esteem. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed