Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity (ADHD), Pain Threshold
Conditions
Brief summary
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the disease subtype affects the presence of chronic pain and pain perception threshold in pediatric patients followed up with the diagnosis of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and to evaluate the factors that may be related to pain perception threshold in disease subtypes.
Interventions
OTHERPain perception threshold
The patients' pressure pain threshold will be evaluated with a manual pressure algometer (Baseline Dolorimtre®).The patients' pain perception thresholds will be measured bilaterally in the midfrontal region, the midpoint of the trapezius muscle, the lateral epicondyle, the midpoint of the web between the 1st and 2nd fingers, the greater trochanter, and the medial crease of the knee.
Sponsors
Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
6 Years to 17 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria * Being between the ages of 6-17 * Being at a clinically normal mental level
Exclusion criteria
* Having verbal and visual communication problems * Having a history of perinatal complications or physical head trauma * Having comorbid psychiatric disorders other than oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder * Known history of chronic physical and neurological disease (such as cerebral palsy, diabetes, epilepsy, autoimmune diseases, liver and kidney failure) * Presence of substance or alcohol use disorder * Having a genetic disorder diagnosis
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| pressure pain threshold | Baseline | The pressure pain threshold will be assessed with a manual pressure algometer (Baseline Dolorimtre®). The patients' pain perception thresholds will be measured bilaterally in the midfrontal region, the midpoint of the trapezius muscle, the lateral epicondyle, the midpoint of the web between the 1st and 2nd fingers, the greater trochanter, and the medial crease of the knee. During the measurement, the 1.52 cm2 flat circular probe of the algometer will be placed on the relevant area and the pressure will be increased by 1 kg/second. Patients will be asked to express their pain by saying 'stop' or raising their hands when they feel slight discomfort. The value for each reference area will be obtained by calculating the arithmetic mean of the paired measurements. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Presence of chronic pain | Baseline | It will be questioned whether there has been continuous pain in any part of the body for at least 3 months. |
| Pain score | Baseline | The patients' pain score will be evaluated with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). A 10 cm long horizontal straight line will be used in the NRS evaluation. Before the evaluation, the patient will be informed that a value of 0 represents no pain and a value of 10 represents the most severe pain felt to date. Patients will be asked to answer by considering the average of their pain over the last 3 days. |
| Duration of chronic pain | Baseline | The duration of pain that has continued for at least 3 months in any part of the body will be questioned. |
| Sociodemographic data of patient | Baseline | gender, age, height, weight, age of onset of complaints, duration of medication use, number of siblings, primary caregiver |
| Sociodemographic data of patient's parents | Baseline | Age, occupation, education level and psychiatric disease history of mother and father |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed