Three Dimensional Virtual Reconstruction (3D) in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Establishing a percutaneous access route for the stone is the first and most important step in PCNL surgery. Choosing the perfect route, position and direction largely depends on surgical experience and the ability to understand renal/peri-renal anatomy. In general, a good CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis and an experienced surgeon are sufficient, but this requires significant time in the learning curve. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of 3D imaging technique on the PCNL learning curve in specialist training.