Arterial Hypertension, Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), Diabetes Mellitus, Heart Failure
Conditions
Keywords
resistance training, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, muscle strength
Brief summary
Exercise training is a cornerstone in the prevention and rehabilitation of cardiovascular disease. While research has primarily focused on endurance training, resistance training becomes more and more important. The gold standard to prescribe resistance training intensity or monitor longitudinal changes is the 1-Repetition-Maximum (1-RM) test. However, particularly for unexperienced individuals, this test may not be recommendable due to the high load and an increased risk of injuries. Alternatively, there are several published formulas to estimate the 1-RM based on a multiple-repetition-maximum (or repetition-to-failure) test. However, these formulas have been primarily tested in healthy individuals. Moreover, the reliability of the 1-RM estimation based on two tests with different submaximal weight is unknown. Therefore, the present study evaluates the agreement of the 1-RM estimation (based on different formulas) between two Multiple-RM tests with different weight in 50 patients with cardiovascular disease (heart failure, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation) or cardiovascular risk factors (type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension).
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Technical University of Munich
Study design
Observational model
CASE_ONLY
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
50 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Age ≥ 50 years * At least one of the following cardiovascular diseases / risk factors: * Heart failure * Coronary heart disease * Atrial fibrillation * Arterial hypertension * Type 2 diabetes mellitus * Clinically stable for ≥ 4 weeks * Medical clearance to perform resistance training / strength testing * Signed written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* Pregnancy * Acute infection * Chronic joint inflammation * Knee, hip, ankle, wrist, elbow or shoulder pain * Known osteoporosis (T-value ≤ -2.5) * Uncontrolled hypertension (≥160 mmHG systolic / ≥100 mmHG diastolic) * Known cerebral or thoracic aneurysm
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Estimated 1-Repetition-Maximum | cross-sectional study (day 1) | The estimated 1-Repetition-Maximums based on two Multiple-Repetition-Maximum tests with different weight will be compared using Bland-Altman plots. Acceptable Limits of Agreement are defined as +/- 10%. The comparisons will be performed using different published formulas to evaluate, which formula(s) may be recommended in patients with cardiovascular disease / risk factors. The study will be performed on the following resistance training machines: leg press and chest press |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of repetitions required to perform a valid Multiple-Repetition-Maximum test | cross-sectional (day 1) | The Multiple-Repetition-Maximum test is considered valid if muscular failure occurs after completion of 2-10 repetitions. This is based on the evidence that (most) published formulas become less precise if \>10 repetitions can be performed. |
| Adverse Events | cross-sectional (day 1) | any adverse events that occur in relation to the Multiple-Repetition-Maximum Tests will be documented |
Contacts
Primary ContactStephan Mueller, Dr rer nat
Outcome results
None listed