Bruise, CVD - Cardiovascular Disease, Pain
Conditions
Keywords
LMWH injection
Brief summary
Improper subcutaneous administration of LMWH may cause complications at the injection site. Standardized protocol for subcutaneous LMWH injections in patient with cardiovascular diseases is warranted to ensure consistent best practices in clinical settings.
Detailed description
This study examines the effect of standardized protocol in reducing complications for patients with cardiovascular disease.
Interventions
OTHERActive Control
Patients in the control group will receive the usual practice of subcutaneous LMWH injection administered by nurses.
OTHERStandardized injection protocol
Nurses administer LMWH according to the standardized evidence-based protocol.
Sponsors
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
The administrative staff, who will be responsible for data collection, will be masked for the group allocation during the whole process. The patients will be masked for the intervention purpose.
Intervention model description
Double-blinded, two-armed, clustered randomized controlled trial.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* patients who are in cardiac care units suffering from cardiovascular diseases prescribed with LMWH injections two times per day * Chinese
Exclusion criteria
* cognitively impaired * unconscious * refuse to participate
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bruise size | 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours | The bruising length and width will be measured by a ruler and the incidence of bruising will be recorded. |
| Pain level | Immediately after injection, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours | Patients' pain levels are assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale: from o to 10, with "10" representatin the worst outcome and with '0' representing the best outcome. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Patient Experience | Immediately after receiving the injection | a Patient Experience Surveys to evaluate their perceived nurse's attitude |
| Communicative Competence | Immediately before and after injection | Communicative Competence Scale consists of 36 items across five dimensions (General Competence, Empathy Affiliation/Support, Behavioural Flexibility, and Social Relaxation), using a 5-point Likert scales ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree (coded from 1 to 5). Higher the score means worse the outcome. |
Countries
Hong Kong
Contacts
CONTACTFrankie CHEUNG
CONTACTArkers Wong
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORArkers Wong
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Outcome results
None listed