Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Chronic Pain, Anxiety Disorders
Conditions
Keywords
Temporomandibular Disorders, Temporomandibular Joint, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Brief summary
This study evaluates the efficacy of behavioral therapy, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), relaxation techniques, and biofeedback, in managing Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD). It aims to address both the physical and psychological aspects of TMD, focusing on pain reduction, improved jaw function, and alleviating psychological distress such as anxiety and depression. Participants are randomized into two groups: an intervention group receiving behavioral therapy and a control group receiving standard care. Outcomes will be assessed using validated tools to measure pain intensity, jaw function, and psychological well-being at baseline, post-treatment, and at a 6-month follow-up. This research seeks to establish the role of behavioral therapy as a key component in the comprehensive management of TMD.
Interventions
PROCEDUREStandard Care Group
Includes pharmacological treatment (e.g., NSAIDs, muscle relaxants) and physical therapy interventions
BEHAVIORALBehavioral Therapy Group
Includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), relaxation techniques, and biofeedback.
Sponsors
King Khalid University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Adults aged 18-65 years. * Diagnosed with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) based on DC/TMD Axis I and Axis II criteria. * Presenting with symptoms such as jaw pain, limited jaw movement, or psychosocial distress (anxiety, depression). * Willing and able to provide informed consent. * Able to comply with the study protocol and attend all follow-up visits.
Exclusion criteria
* Severe systemic diseases or other neurological conditions that could interfere with treatment or outcomes. * History of psychiatric disorders unrelated to TMD, such as schizophrenia or bipolar d disorder. * Pregnant or lactating women. * Use of medications or treatments within the past month that could influence study outcomes (e.g., corticosteroids, strong analgesics). * Individuals with severe dental or maxillofacial conditions requiring immediate surgical intervention. * Non-compliance with previous medical advice or treatment for TMD. Participants unable to understand or follow the study procedures due to language barriers or cognitive impairments.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Intensity | Baseline, 8 weeks post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up | Assesses changes in self-reported pain levels with scores ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain)levels (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain) |
| Psychological Distress (Anxiety) | Baseline, 8 weeks post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up | Measures depression levels with a score based on the frequency and severity of symptoms. |
| Psychological Distress (Depression) | Baseline, 8 weeks post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up | Measures depression levels with a score based on the frequency and severity of symptoms. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum Mouth Opening | Baseline, 8 weeks post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up | Measures the maximum distance (in millimeters) between the upper and lower front teeth during maximum voluntary opening. |
| Long-Term Symptom Relief | 6-month follow-up | Sustained improvement in pain, jaw function, and psychological distress over time, assessed using VAS, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and TDI scores. |
| Jaw Range of Motion | Baseline, 8 weeks post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up | Assesses the range of motion of the jaw through physical examination, measuring angular movement in degrees. |
| Pain-Related Disability | Baseline, 8 weeks post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up | Assessed using the TMD Pain Disability Index (TDI) to evaluate the impact of pain on daily activities and quality of life |
Countries
Saudi Arabia
Outcome results
None listed