Cigarette Smoking-Related Carcinoma
Conditions
Brief summary
This trial develops a contextually tailored and optimized smoking cessation intervention and studies smoking motivations and motivations to quit smoking in homeless youth. Identifying motivations for smoking and motivations to quit smoking may help researchers build a program to help homeless young people quit smoking cigarettes if desired.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Establish a theoretical framework for cessation among homeless youth incorporating phase-specific capabilities and opportunities impacting motivation to engage in cessation. (Multiphase Optimization STrategy \[MOST\] Step 1) II. Guided by the theoretical framework for cessation among homeless youth, identify a set of cessation intervention components and assess their implementation feasibility. (MOST Step 2) OUTLINE: MOST STEP Ia: Participants attend a semi-structured interview over 60 minutes to help establish theoretical model of contextually tailored smoking cessation for homeless youth. MOST STEP Ib: Participants complete a survey to help establish theoretical model of contextually tailored smoking cessation for homeless youth. MOST STEP II (FOCUS GROUPS): Participants attend focus groups to help identify a set of cessation intervention components for homeless youth and determine component acceptability and feasibility. MOST STEP II (FEASIBILITY STUDY): Intervention components are identified and selected from Focus Groups. Participants take part in a study to assess these components for feasibility in implementing in coordination with homeless youth services, as well as determining main effect estimates for future studies.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALFocus Group
Participate in focus group
OTHERInterview
Participate in semi-structured interview
BEHAVIORALSmoking Cessation Intervention
Participate in feasibility study of intervention components
OTHERSurvey Administration
Complete survey
Sponsors
Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SEQUENTIAL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
14 Years to 24 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Youth who report having smoked some or every day in the past week. * Youth who meet criteria for homelessness defined by the 2002 McKinney-Vento Act including those who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence; live in a welfare hotel, or place without regular sleeping accommodations; or live in a shared residence with other persons due to the loss of one's housing or economic hardship.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Youth's Psychological and Physical Capacity | 60 minute semi-structured interview | Factors associated with participant's psychological and physical capacity which have prompted them to smoke in the past were captured during semi-structured interviews. In-person interviews followed a semi-structured interview guide. Questions were grounded in the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation for Behavior model, a theoretical framework that describes how intersecting psychosocial and environmental factors influence behavior. Questions were designed to elicit data on factors influencing tobacco use at a specific moment in time (participants' "last smoke") with the intent to optimize supportive cessation interventions for this population. |
| Youth's Physical and Social Factors | Approximately 90 minute interview | Coping with homelessness was assessed using the Brief COPE to examine strategies used for coping or regulating cognition in response to stressors; participants were specifically asked to focus on their housing situation. This measure includes 28 items combined to form 14 subscales. Scores on each subscale range from 2 to 8 with higher scores indicating greater use of the strategy. |
| Motivation to Quit | Approximately 90 minute interview | Interest in quitting in the next 30 days is an exemplar Phase-Based Model (PBM) for Cessation Research motivation phase treatment outcome measure. Participants reported if and when they planned to quit, derived from, "Do you plan to quit for good?" and "When do you plan to quit for good? In the next (7 days, 30 days, 6 months, year, more than a year from now)." |
| Past Quit Attempts | Approximately 90 minute interview | Number of past year quit attempts: a proxy for past willingness to quit. Participants reported the number of quit attempts in the past year: "In the past 12 months, how many times have you quit smoking for at least 24 hours in a serious attempt to quit?" |
| Confidence in Ability to Quit in Next 6 Months | Approximately 90 minute interview | Confidence in ability to quit in the next 6 months was measured with: "If you did try quitting smoking altogether in the next 6 months, how likely do you think you would be to succeed - not at all, a little likely, somewhat likely or very likely?" |
| Motivations for Smoking | Approximately 90 minute interview | The Tobacco Motives Inventory was used; 15 questions, each scored on a 5-point Likert scale, were combined into four sub-scales: social motives, self enhancement motives, boredom relief motives, and affect regulation motives. Higher scores on each sub-scale indicate a higher motivation to smoke. Social motives: Sum of 4 items, scores range from 4 to 20 Self enhancement motives: Sum of 4 items, scores range from 4 to 20 Boredom relief motives: Sum of 2 items, scores range from 2 to 10 Affect regulation motives: Sum of 5 items, scores range from 5 to 25 |
| Rewards From Quitting Smoking | Approximately 90 minute interview | We measured 15 different rewards from smoking: "What are the benefits of smoking to you? Check all that apply" |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORJulianna Nemeth
Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Study was terminated prior to participants being recruited into the MOST Step II - Feasibility Study arm.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | — |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 21.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.3 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 94 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 27 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 37 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 79 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 17 Participants |
| Willingness to Quit Smoking Within the next 30 days Not Willing to Quit within 30 days | 16 Participants |
| Willingness to Quit Smoking Within the next 30 days Willing to Quit within 30 days | 92 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 36 | 0 / 98 | 0 / 45 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 36 | 0 / 98 | 0 / 45 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 36 | 0 / 98 | 0 / 45 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
None listed