Exercise Metabolism
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of exogenous ketone body supplementation on carbohydrate metabolism during exercise. In a randomized, crossover, and double-blind study, 20 endurance trained adult males and females aged 18-50 years, will ingest carbohydrates with either a ketone monoester supplement before and throughout a 3-hour exercise session or carbohydrates with a flavour-matched ketone-free placebo. The main aim of this study is to compare the exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates during exercise between the ketone monoester and placebo conditions.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTCHO+KETONE
Sports drink containing glucose and ketone mono-esters
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTCHO+PLACEBO
Sports drink containing glucose and placebo
Sponsors
Maastricht University Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Color and flavor matched placebo
Intervention model description
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 18-50 years of age * Trained cyclist/triathlete (VO2peak \> 55 ml/kg/min for males and \>48 ml/mg/min for females) * Healthy as per medical history and investigator's/physician's judgement * Having given written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* Use of medication that could impact study outcomes and/or interfere with the expected mechanism of action of ketone supplements (e.g. Chronic use of gastric acid suppressing medication, statins, corticosteroids) * Smoking * Diagnosed acute or chronic medical conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, could impact study outcomes (e.g. Diabetes mellitus) * Diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders * Adhering to a carbohydrate restrictive diet * Participation in another study at the same time * Blood donation in the 2 months before the first experimental trial * Plasma donation in the 2 weeks before the first experimental trial * Males: VO2peak \<55 ml/min/kg body mass * Females: VO2peak \<48 ml/min/kg body mass * Females: pregnancy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate | Acute:during 3 hours of exercise | Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate during exercise measured by 13C enrichment in breath. CHO+KETONE vs CHO+PLACEBO condition |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total carbohydrate disappearance rate | Acute:during 3 hours of exercise | Total carbohydrate disappearance rate during exercise measured by stable isotope tracer methodology. CHO+KETONE vs CHO+PLACEBO condition |
| Exogenous carbohydrate appearance rate | Acute:during 3 hours of exercise | Exogenous carbohydrate appearance rate during exercise measured by stable isotope tracer methodology. CHO+KETONE vs CHO+PLACEBO condition |
| Endogenous carbohydrate appearance rate | Acute:during 3 hours of exercise | Endogenous carbohydrate appearance rate during exercise measured by stable isotope tracer methodology. CHO+KETONE vs CHO+PLACEBO condition |
| Total carbohydrate appearance rate | Acute:during 3 hours of exercise | Total carbohydrate appearance rate during exercise measured by stable isotope tracer methodology. CHO+KETONE vs CHO+PLACEBO condition |
| Plasma glucose enrichments during exercise | Acute:during 3 hours of exercise | Plasma glucose enrichments during exercise measured by stable isotope tracer methodology. CHO+KETONE vs CHO+PLACEBO condition |
| Endogenous carbohydrate disappearance rate | Acute:during 3 hours of exercise | Endogenous carbohydrate disappearance rate during exercise measured by stable isotope tracer methodology. CHO+KETONE vs CHO+PLACEBO condition |
| Exogenous carbohydrate disappearance rate | Acute:during 3 hours of exercise | Exogenous carbohydrate disappearance rate during exercise measured by stable isotope tracer methodology. CHO+KETONE vs CHO+PLACEBO condition |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise economy during cycling | Acute:during 3 hours of exercise | Exercise economy during the exercise trial. CHO+KETONE vs CHO+PLACEBO condition, will be determined based on the amount of work performed during cycling (workload), and the amount of energy expenditure as measured by indirect calorimetry. |
| Exercise heart rate | Acute:during 3 hours of exercise | Heart rate during exercise. CHO+KETONE vs CHO+PLACEBO condition |
| Total carbohydrate oxidation | Acute:during 3 hours of exercise | Total carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, measured indirectly by using traditional stoichiometric calculations of carbohydrate oxidation. CHO+KETONE vs CHO+PLACEBO condition |
| Blood parameters | Acute:during 3 hours of exercise | Plasma glucose, insulin, glycerol, free fatty acids, and ketone body concentrations (including area under the curve) following drink ingestion. CHO+KETONE vs CHO+PLACEBO condition |
Countries
Netherlands
Contacts
Primary ContactLuc van Loon, PhD
Outcome results
None listed