Evaluation of Bioavailability of Supplemental Forms of Iron
Conditions
Keywords
Bioavailability, iron, absorption, postbiotic
Brief summary
A double-blind, randomized crossover study was conducted that evaluated absorption kinetics of 3 forms of dietary supplement iron by measuring iron levels in the blood after acute ingestion.
Detailed description
Background: The biotransformation of minerals through glycosylation by microorganisms, such as yeast or probiotics, can produce nutrients bound to a food matrix, potentially enhancing their bioavailability. This study aimed to compare the absorption kinetics of iron bound to a glycoprotein matrix (GPM) with those of ferrous bisglycinate chelate (FBC) and ferrous fumarate (FF). Methods: In a double-blind, crossover design, 17 participants ingested 11 mg of iron in one of three forms: GPM (Pharmachem Innovation, Kearny, NJ, USA), FBC (Ferrochel®, Balchem Corp., Montvale, NJ, USA), or FF (FerroPharma Chemicals Ltd, Hungary). Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, 180-, 240-, 300-, 360-, 420-, and 480-minutes post-ingestion. Water intake was standardized throughout the protocol, and an iron-free snack was provided at 4 hours post-ingestion. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed, with key outcome variables including the area under the concentration vs. time curve (iAUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), and time to maximum concentration (Tmax). The a priori significance level was set at p \< 0.05.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTdietary iron supplementation
This study aimed to compare the absorption kinetics of iron bound to a glycoprotein matrix (GPM) with those of ferrous bisglycinate chelate (FBC) and ferrous fumarate (FF).
Sponsors
Pharmachem Innovations
University of Mary Hardin-Baylor
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
lab staff that did the analysis and lead author that performed statistical analyses
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Participants had to have a normal body weight \[body mass index (BMI) of 19-24.99 kg/m2\] and engage in recreational physical activity, as defined by the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. * Participants must be healthy and have no diagnosed chronic disease conditions
Exclusion criteria
* Participants were not allowed to consume any nutritional supplements known to affect the measures of the current study for at least 6 weeks prior to participation, including pro-, post- and prebiotics, as well as digestive enzymes. * Individuals who were currently being treated for or diagnosed with a gastrointestinal, cardiac, respiratory, circulatory, musculoskeletal, metabolic, immune, autoimmune, psychiatric, hematological, neurological, or endocrinological disorder. * Participants whose body mass had deviated by more than 2% in the previous 30 days * Participants who were unwilling to abstain from alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine for 12 hours prior to each visit.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| plasma iron levels | 8 hour absorption period. | Blood levels were assessed to determine if absorption rates were different between the 3 arms (forms of iron). Blood samples were taken at 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, 180-, 240-, 300-, 360-, 420-, and 480-minutes post-ingestion. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed