Anxiety Symptoms, Depression Symptoms, Healthy
Conditions
Brief summary
This study investigates whether a single session of aerobic exercise (like running) can improve the participants' mood and whether such benefits can be explained by changes in the blood factors (like hormones) and brain activity. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * Can a single session of aerobic exercise improve mood? * Which changes in the blood and brain could explain the effects of exercise on mood? Researchers will compare the participants' mood states before and after exercise to see whether exercise can improve mood. The participants will: * Answer questionnaires, collect blood, and undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before exercise. * Perform 30 minutes of running on a treadmill. * Answer the same questionnaires, collect blood, and undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after exercise. The entire assessment will last for about 2h45min and will be performed on a single day.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALExercise
Thirty minutes of exercise on a treadmill, including a 5-minute warm-up followed by increments in speed until reaching optimal moderate to high intensity (60-80% of age-predicted maximal heart rate), which will be maintained for 20 min, followed by a 5-minute cool-down. Age-predicted maximal HR will be defined as 220 beats-per-minute (BPM) minus age in years.
Sponsors
YAU Suk Yu Sonata
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy subjects within the stipulated age range
Exclusion criteria
* Acute injury or illness that impairs the ability to safely exercise and/or inability to exercise with a moderate intensity; * Metabolic and/or neurologic disorders; * Iron implants; * People who cannot stay still, are intolerant of noise or fearful of enclosed spaces (due to the small space inside the scanner).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Profile of Mood States (POMS) | From before to immediately after a single session of exercise | POMS is a 30-item questionnaire scored on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from Not at all to Extremely. It provides six sub≥scales: 1) anger (e.g., grouchy, furious); 2) confusion (e.g., muddled, forgetful); 3) depression (e.g., sad, unworthy); 4) fatigue (e.g., tired, sluggish); 5) tension (e.g., nervous, anxious); and 6) vigor (e.g., lively, active). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Subject Happiness Scale (SHS) | From before to immediately after a single session of exercise | SHS is a 4-item self-report measure developed to assess an individual's overall happiness as measured through self-evaluation. The response format is a 7-point Likert-type scale. |
| Blood biomarkers | From before to immediately after a single session of exercise | Blood biomarkers, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Adiponectin |
| Cardiovascular parameters | Before, during, and immediately after a single session of exercise | Heart Rate Variability (HRV) will be monitored during all the exercise protocol. |
| Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES) | From before to immediately after a single session of exercise | SEES is a 12-item questionnaire that is scored on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from Not at all to Very much. It Provides 3 subscales that will be used in the present study: 1) psychological well-being (great, positive, strong, terrific); 2) psychological distress (awful, crummy, discouraged, miserable); and 3) fatigue (drained, exhausted, fatigued, tired). |
| Diffusion-weighted image (DWI) | From before to immediately after a single session of exercise | Whole-brain diffusion-weighted image (DWI) will be collected with a single-shot diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging sequence (TE, 83 ms; TR, 8700 ms; flip angle, 90°; image resolution, 1.64 mm isotropic; b value, 800 s/mm2; 70 axial slices) in 30 diffusion encoding directions and one non-diffusion-weighted reference image (b = 0). |
| Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) | From before to immediately after a single session of exercise | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) will be utilized to measure levels of glutamate and GABA. |
| BOLD-weighted fMRI images | From before to immediately after a single session of exercise | BOLD-weighted fMRI images will be acquired using a gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GRE-EPI) sequence with (a) repetition time = 2000 ms, (b) echo time = 30 ms, (c) flip angle = 90°, (d) matrix = 64 × 64, (e) field of view = 220 mm × 220 mm, (f) slice thickness = 4 mm with interslice gap = 0.6 mm, and (g) 33 interleaved axial slices. Additionally, weighted images will be acquired with an interleaved sequence (188 sagittal slices, TR/TE/flip angle = 8.2 ms/3.7 ms/7°, matrix = 256 × 256 mm2, FOV = 256 × 256 × 188 mm, and voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1 mm3). |
Countries
Hong Kong
Outcome results
None listed