Hydration
Conditions
Brief summary
The present study will assess the effects of two different hydration solutions compared to water on hydration measures. It will follow the same approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and beverage hydration index (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water) including time in positive fluid balance. Additionally, hydration status will be assessed with mood and digestive health questionnaires and blood pressure urine electrolyte concentrations, specific gravity, and osmolality determinations. The two oral rehydration solutions (Berry Propel Fitness Water and Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate) will be compared to the control (Smart Water). The purpose is to assess whether the changes in beverage composition improve the BHI above water alone for both treatments, with an hypothesized greater improvement in BHI observed with the Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate, due to the addition of carbohydrate.
Detailed description
The present study will assess the effects of two different hydration solutions compared to water on hydration measures. It will follow the same approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and beverage hydration index (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water) including time in positive fluid balance. Additionally, hydration status will be assessed with mood and digestive health questionnaires and blood pressure urine electrolyte concentrations, specific gravity, and osmolality determinations. The two oral rehydration solutions (Berry Propel Fitness Water and Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate) will be compared to the control (Smart Water). The purpose is to assess whether the changes in beverage composition improve the BHI above water alone for both treatments, with an hypothesized greater improvement in BHI observed with the Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate, due to the addition of carbohydrate.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTBerry Propel Fitness Water
Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Berry Propel Fitness Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTEssentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate
Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTSmart Water
Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Smart Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes.
Sponsors
University of Memphis
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Masking description
treatments labeled A-C. Subjects will be provided the beverage in plastic cups without product labels
Intervention model description
semi-blinded
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* body mass index (BMI) \<35 kg/m2 (not morbidly obese) * Cannot have a sensitivity or be allergic to any components of the study product they will be excluded. * non-tobacco user * cannot be following a specialized dietary pattern that may alter findings (e.g., low carbohydrate/ketogenic diet, carnivore diet, intermittent fasting etc.) * willing to replicate the same dietary intake/activity (exercise) level for each day before a lab visit excluding screening * Will consume a minimum of 2 liters (women) or 2.5 liters (men) of water per day, on each day prior to experimental lab visits (excluding screening) * Will arrive to lab for visits euhydrated (USG 1.005-1.020) * Will not consume alcohol-containing beverages within 24 hours of testing * Will not consume caffeine-containing beverages within 12 hours of testing * can fast (consume water/treatments only) for 15 hours (10 hours prior to lab visits not including screening) * avoid strenuous activity for 24 hours prior to study visits excluding screening * Will not have a history or presence of a clinically relevant (that required or requires treatment) cardiac, renal, hepatic, endocrine (including diabetes mellitus), pulmonary, biliary, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, or neurologic disorder (reviewed by Nurse practitioner) * Will not have other conditions that is likely to alter fluid balance or be negatively affected by changing electrolyte levels/hydration status (as determined by Nurse practitioner) * Is not consuming any medication which may alter fluid retention/electrolyte levels such as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (for type 2 diabetes), laxatives, diuretics, Apremilast, chemotherapy, or lithium. (Medications will be reviewed by Nurse practitioner) * Will not consume nutritional supplements, performance enhancing drugs, and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within 7 days of study visits excluding screening. * cannot be enrolled in another clinical study within 30 days of the first study visit * without active infection or illness of any kind
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Beverage Hydration Index | 0 minutes after beverage consumption | Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Net Fluid Balance | 0 minutes after beverage consumption | Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed |
| Urine Sodium | 0 minutes before beverage consumption | Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter. |
| Urine Potassium | 0 minutes before beverage consumption | Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter. |
| Urine Specific Gravity | 150 minutes before beverage consumption | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. |
| Urine Osmolality | 0 minutes before beverage consumption | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | 0 minutes before beverage consumption | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | 0 minutes before beverage consumption | Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | 0 minutes before beverage consumption | Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. |
| Heart Rate | 0 minutes before beverage consumption | Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff. |
| Body Mass | 0 minutes before beverage consumption | Body Mass in kilograms will be measured using a digital scale. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed