Anticoagulants, Venous Malformation, Low Flow
Conditions
Keywords
apixaban, venous malformation, localized intravascular coagulation
Brief summary
There are two parts of the study. In Part 1, the invesitgaotrs want to investigate whether treatment with apixaban improves pain and quality of life in patients with painful venous malformations The participants are randomized to different treatment orders of the two treatment periods with apixaban and placebo. Arm 1 starts apixaban followed by placebo and arm 2 starts with placebo followed by apixaban. Between the treatment sequences there will be a washout period of minimum one week. The participants will register pain and use og pain medication in a diary every day for one week before start of treatment and before evaluation of effect. Also, a quality of life form will be filled out before each consultation. In Part 2, the investigators will investigate long-term effect and safety of apixaban and reduce dose after 3 months to find the minimal effective dose. Part 2 includes participants from Part 1 study who experienced effect of treatment or who agree to continue apixaban treatment. Study start of Part 2 is at the end of Part 1. All participants receive the same dose of apixaban as in part 1 (5 mg twice daily), and after 3 months (visit 2) the dose is reduced to 2.5 mg twice daily.
Detailed description
There are no established universal guidelines on the hematologic management of patients with venous malformations (VM) with and without localized intravascular coagulopathy (LIC). Anticoagulation treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has improved functionality and decreased pain in patients with VM with localized LIC. The aim is to study the effect of the direct oral anticoagulant apixaban in patients with painful venous malformations with localized intravascular coagulation. Apixaban is an oral direct acting anticoagulant shown to be as effective and safe as LMWH and warfarin in treating venous thrombosis. single-center, prospective double-blind crossover superiority study including patients with venous malformations at age 18-85 years. The participants are randomized to different treatment orders of the two treatment periods with apixaban and placebo. Masking of participants and study personell. Randomization at screening to arm 1 or arm 2. Arm 1 starts apixaban followed by placebo and arm 2 starts with placebo followed by apixaban. Between the treatment sequences there will be a washout period of one week. Part 2: The AVA Long study is an open-label observational study including participants from the AVA study who experienced effect of treatment or who agree to continue apixaban treatment. Study start of AVA long (part 2) is at study end of part 1. The participants receive the dose of apixaban as in part 1 (5 mg twice daily), but open-label, and after 3 months (visit 2) the dose is reduced to 2.5 mg twice daily. The investigators will investigate long-term efficacy and safety of apixaban and find the minimal effective dose.
Interventions
5 mg twice daily
DRUGPlacebo
placebo twice daily
Sponsors
Oslo University Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
This is a double-blind study in which participants/care providers/investigators/outcomes assessors are blinded to study intervention.. In case of an emergency, the investigator has the responsibility for determining if unblinding of a participant's intervention assignment is warranted. Participant safety must always be the first consideration in making such a determination. The participant will be carrying a card with contact information of investigator and the medical monitor. The card will be in Norwegian and in English and inform that the person is part of a blinded trial and that he/she may be under anticoagulation with apixaban. In case of major bleeding, the investigator must be contacted who may unblind the participant so that emergency treatment can be considered. In case of a life-threatening bleed, there is no time for contacting the investigator. Then measures must be taken as if the participant is under anticoagulation treatment with apixaban
Intervention model description
Randomized study, crossover design, double-blind
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 85 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* 1\. Participant must be 18-85 years of age at the time of signing the informed consent form (ICF). 2\. Participants who have simple VM with LIC. VM must be diagnosed by MRi and LIC is defined as d-dimer \> 2 x upper reference area (21). 3\. Patients must experience pain from the malformation, NRS ≥4. Pain is defined as local pain in the malformation, and the participant must have pain that inhibits daily activity or pain during nighttime that interferes with sleep. 4\. Body weight over 50 kg. 5. Pregnancy test at time of inclusion must be negative 6. Capable of giving written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
1. History of major bleeding, known disease of the GI tractus with risk of bleeding (ulcera, IBD, tumor), known hemostatic disorder/hemophilia, bariatric surgery or other condition resulting in impaired adsorption of drug, active cancer 2. Lesion or condition if considered a significant risk factor for major bleeding. This may include current or recent gastrointestinal ulceration, presence of malignant neoplasms at high risk of bleeding, recent brain or spinal injury, recent brain, spinal or ophthalmic surgery, recent intracranial haemorrhage, known or suspected oesophageal varices, arteriovenous malformations, vascular aneurysms or major intraspinal or intracerebral vascular abnormalities 3. Current treatment with platelet inhibitor, any other anticoagulation treatment e.g. unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin, enoxaparin), heparin derivates (fondaparinux), oral anticoagulants (warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, edoxaban), NSAIDs, cancer therapy with chemotherapy 4. Current treatment with sirolimus 5. Current treatment with azole-antimycotics (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole) 6. Current treatment with HIV protease inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir) 7. Weight \<50 kg 8. Known hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in the SmPC. 9. Impaired renal function (eGFR \< 50 ml/min) 10. Impaired liver function, INR \> 1.3 or aminotransferases \> 3 times upper limit 11. Pregnancy or breastfeeding 12. Low platelet count (\<100 x 109/mL) 13. Any condition that in the view of the investigator would suggest that the patient is unable to comply with the study protocol and procedures
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Difference between apixaban and placebo in change of self-reported pain intensity before and 8 weeks after starting treatment Change in type, dose and frequency of pain medication | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 and 17 weeks | Average numeric rating scale (NRS) score(score 0-10 where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents worst imaginable pain) last 7 days before assessment |
| Change in pain medication | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 and 17 weeks | Registration of type, dose and frequency of pain medication last 7 days before assessment |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Difference between apixaban and placebo in change of quality of life before and 8 weeks after starting treatment | From enrollment until end of treatment, at 8 and 17 weeks | Outcome Measure for Vascular Malformation (OVAMA) questionnaire |
| Difference between apixaban and placebo in change in coagulation parameters before and 8 weeks after | From enrollment until after end of treatment at 8 and 17 weeks | D-dimer |
| Change in pain intensity after 3 months treatment | From enrollment of Part 2 until completion of treatment at 6 months | Numeric rating scale (NRS) score at time of evaluation (score 0-10 where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents worst imaginable pain) |
| Change in pain intensity three months after reducing dose | At changing dose at 3 months after enrollment of Part 2 and after 6 months ( end of treatment) | Numeric rating scale (NRS) score at time of evaluation (score 0-10 where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents worst imaginable pain) |
Countries
Norway
Contacts
Primary ContactNina H Schultz, PhD MD
Outcome results
None listed