Knee Osteoarthritis
Conditions
Keywords
knee osteoarthritis
Brief summary
120 patients with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2-3 knee osteoarthritis will be randomized into four groups: Control group, Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) (once a week for 3 sessions), Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (twice a week for 8 sessions), and Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) (twice a week for 8 sessions), with 30 patients in each group. All participants will be instructed in a daily exercise program, including knee joint range of motion, stretching, and strengthening exercises (3×10 repetitions). Outcome measures, including the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Short Form-36 (SF-36), and Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, will be assessed at baseline after treatment and at 3rd month.
Interventions
DEVICEextracorporeal shock wave therapy
The ESWT will be administered using an ESWT device (Modus ESWT Compact Model-Portable) once weekly over three consecutive weeks, resulting in a total of three sessions. A radial shockwave mode was chosen for the therapy. During each session, participants will receive 3000 pulses at an 12-Hz frequency and pneumatic pressure of 2.5 bars
DEVICElow-level laser therapy
The MLS (Multiwave Locked System) laser is a specific type of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) that combines two different wavelengths of light-typically 808 nm (near-infrared) and 905 nm (mid-infrared)-to produce therapeutic effects. These wavelengths are delivered simultaneously in a synchronized manner, which is intended to enhance the overall effectiveness of the treatment. LLLT will be conducted with the laser device (MLS Laser M6 Robotic Multiwave Lock System, Asalaser, Italy) with the use of protective goggles, and the treatment parameters were set as follows: 100% power, 3 Joules per treatment spot with 904 nm wavelength, and a treatment area of 20 cm². The LLLT will be applied to five points on the anterior part of the joint space, with each point treated for 3 minutes, totaling 15 minutes. A total of 8 sessions were applied for 4 weeks, 2 days a week.
For PEMF, the applicator of the device (Easy QS Magnetotherapy Portable Magnetotherapy Medical Device, Asalaser, Italy) will be positioned to target the medial and lateral aspects of the knee. The treatment parameters were defined as follows: rectangular field shape, 30 Hz frequency, 10 mT intensity, and a duration of 20 minutes. A total of 8 sessions were applied for 4 weeks, 2 days a week.
Sponsors
Istanbul Medeniyet University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
40 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* experiencing knee pain persisting for more than 6 months, radiological assessment confirming grade 2 and grade 3 knee osteoarthritis based on the Kellgren-Lawrence system * no history of physical therapy or regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) within the last 6 months, * absence of any pathology other than osteoarthritis that could cause knee pain, * no lumbar spine or hip pathology that could refer pain to the knee, * free from any conditions that would prevent participation in exercise or physical therapy * willing to regularly participate the treatment programs were included in the study.
Exclusion criteria
* presence of a condition that impairs ambulation, * a documented history of spinal stenosis, * evidence of a neurological disorder based on medical history or physical examination, * the existence of an inflammatory or metabolic disorder that could lead to secondary osteoarthritis, * administration of intra-articular knee injections within the past year, * use of NSAIDs, paracetamol or topical agents within the preceding week, * a prior history of surgical intervention involving the knee joint.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) | baseline after treatment and at 3rd month | Pain assessment in the study was conducted using the VAS, which ranges from 0 to 10. Patients were instructed to evaluate the pain they experienced. A score of 0 signified the absence of pain, whereas a score of 10 denoted the most intense pain they had ever encountered in their lifetime. |
| Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) | baseline after treatment and at 3rd month | The WOMAC OA Index is a questionnaire completed by the patient to assess pain, stiffness, and physical function related to knee and hip osteoarthritis. It consists of 24 questions addressing pain, stiffness, and physical function. The index provides both a total score and separate subscores for each category. Higher scores indicate poorer outcomes in that category. |
| Short Form-36 (SF-36) | baseline after treatment and at 3rd month | Among quality of life scales, the SF-36 is a generic scale that provides a broad assessment. It comprises 36 items that assess eight dimensions: physical functioning (PF), social functioning (SF), role limitations due to physical health (RLPH), role limitations due to emotional problems (RLEP), emotional well-being (EW), energy/fatigue (E), pain (P), general health (GH) and health change (HC). |
| Timed Up & Go Test (TUG) | baseline after treatment and at 3rd month | This test is designed to assess dynamic balance and functional mobility. The test requires a chair, a stopwatch, and a 3-meter walking space. It begins with the individual seated in a chair. Upon receiving the instruction, the individual stands up, walks 3 meters at a regular speed, turns around, walks back to the starting point, and then sits down again. The time taken to complete the test is recorded in seconds for scoring purposes. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed