Brain Activity Related to Drug Liking, Brain Activity Related to Opioid Administration
Conditions
Keywords
opioid crisis, neuroscience, EEG, drug liking, fentanyl, anesthesia, general anesthesia, opioids, analgesia
Brief summary
The goal of this study is to characterize an electroencephalogram (EEG) biomarker for fentanyl and understand where this signal is coming from in the brain. The investigators also aim to understand how this EEG biomarker is connected to patient perception to drug liking.
Interventions
OTHERObservational study in patients receiving fentanyl for surgery
This observational study enrolls patients receiving fentanyl, a drug routinely administered during surgery under general anesthesia. The primary difference in the investigators' research protocol is the inclusion of a 5-minute interval between fentanyl administration and the induction of general anesthesia. Fentanyl will be given in two boluses of 2 mcg/kg (ideal body weight), spaced 2 minutes apart, totaling 4 mcg/kg. If the participant remains conscious, an additional 2 mcg/kg bolus will be administered after 2 minutes. Additionally, participants will complete a drug-liking questionnaire before the first bolus and every 30 seconds until anesthesia induction, rating how much they "liked" the drug on a 0-100 scale.
Sponsors
Stanford University
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. 18 years old or above (male and female) 2. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification of I, II or III 3. Candidates scheduled for general surgical procedures under general anesthesia and receive fentanyl for surgery
Exclusion criteria
1. Craniofacial abnormalities 2. Known or suspected difficult intubation or mask ventilation 3. Known or suspected need for rapid sequence induction and intubation 4. Body mass index above 45 kg/m2 5. Allergies to fentanyl 6. History of obstructive sleep apnea requiring CPAP 7. History of obstructive or restrictive lung disease 8. Opiate use within 24 hours 9. History of opiate abuse within the last 3 years 10. Known or suspected severe chronic pain condition that require use of opiates or limit daily activities 11. MRI contraindications, such as presence of pacemakers, aneurysm clips, artificial heart valves, ear implants, metal fragments, or foreign objects in the eyes, skin, or body
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Source Localization of Fentanyl EEG Signature | 15 minutes prior to surgery | The investigators will perform high density electroencephalogram to estimate the power and source localization of canonical (delta, theta, alpha, gamma and beta) bands power to determine the likely generators for the fentanyl EEG signature. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Relationship Between Fentanyl EEG Signature and Fentanyl Effect Site Concentration | 15 minutes prior to surgery | The investigators will use a linear mixed-effects model to characterize the relationship between the fentanyl EEG signature and fentanyl predicted effect site concentrations derived from pharmacokinetic models. |
| Relationship Between Visual Analog Scale Liking Rating and Fentanyl EEG Signature | 15 minutes before the surgery | The investigators will use a linear mixed-effects model to characterize the relationship between the VAS (0 - 100) liking rating and the fentanyl EEG signature. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed