Adolescents, Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Conditions
Brief summary
This study investigated the comparative effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching and core strength exercises on static balance in adolescents with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).
Interventions
OTHERcore exercises
The core muscle strength training program were lasted for 8 weeks and comprised of 3 training sessions per week, with a total of 24 sessions. Each session were lasted for 30 to 45 minutes, starting with a brief warm-up exercise program consisting of low-intensity core strength exercises to prepare the neuromuscular system for the training loads and ending with a cool-down program
OTHERProprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
The hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching protocol consisted of passively moving the dominant leg into a position where the subjects felt mild discomfort and holding that position for 30 seconds. Subjects were then asked to isometrically contract the stretched muscle for 10 seconds; this were followed by muscle relaxation in the same posi¬tion for 30 seconds, before being stretched to a new point of mild discomfort. The leg were then released
Sponsors
Delta University for Science and Technology
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
16 Years to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Participants were between 16 and 18 years old. * Patients had to have experienced anterior knee pain for at least 4 weeks, with the pain being exacerbated by at least two of the following activities: jumping, running, prolonged sitting, stair climbing, kneeling, and squatting (Chevidikunnan et al., 2016). * Participants could not have undergone any surgical procedures on their lower limbs. * Pain during the previous week needed to be greater than 30 mm on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) (Appendix I) (Rathleff et al., 2015). * A spectrum of BMI was sought, with participants recruited to represent normal BMI percentile categories for both boys and girls. The normal BMI percentile categories for both boys and girls were defined as the 5th percentile to less than the 85th percentile (Appendix II) (King et al., 2012).
Exclusion criteria
* Adolescents with cruciate ligament injuries, meniscal injuries, collateral ligament injuries, and tenderness associated with any of these structures, any intra-articular injury, and tenderness over the iliotibial band, patellar tendon, pes anserine tendons, or evidence of joint effusion. * Adolescents with referred pain from the hip or lumbar region, or a known case of articular cartilage damage.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Visual analogue scale (VAS-100 mm) for pain | All adolescents were assessed before and after the 8-week intervention period |
| Dynamic postural stability test and single leg test using the Biodex Balance System SD | All adolescents were assessed before and after the 8-week intervention period |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Self-administered Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS) or Kujala Patellofemoral Score | All adolescents were assessed before and after the 8-week intervention period |
Countries
Egypt
Outcome results
None listed