Autism Spectrum Disorder
Conditions
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, sensory perceptual motor training, Test of Movement Battery for children,, DSM-5
Brief summary
Autism is the most prevalent disorder as it affects attention, awareness, cognitive development, social development, and emotional aspects too. It is one of the comprehensive developmental disorders in the early stage, which is characterized by weak social learning and communication, limited activities, interests, learning, insufficient imaginative and stereotypical thinking or non-functional thinking of movements and verbalities. A lack of sensory perception leads to a leading autistic child's sensitivity to sensory stimuli or weak sensitivity and the child is not aware of the surrounding environment.
Detailed description
The current study will be randomized control trial; data will be collected from Lahore Garrison Institute of Special Education. This study will be conducted with 32 participants equally divided into two groups. Inclusion criteria will be Children who diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (mild & moderate) according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (DSM-5), Have an IQ 70 according to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales and be able to understand and follow instructions, Children whose age between 4 to 12 and All participants had to be able to sit and walk without support according to GMFCS. Exclusion criteria for the study include Children who will associate with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder signs, Upper limb musculoskeletal injuries, Visual or auditory impairments, Children who had received sensory integration therapy for > 3 months within the past 6 months and Children with speech delay, hearing impairment, or intellectual disability. SPM training will be given each child individually in the first group. In the second group techniques will be apply in a group therapy. The SPM training programme will apply for 10 months. Outcomes, including the Test of Movement Battery for Children, Quality of life scale will be use. Data analysis will be performed using SPSS version 23.00
Interventions
OTHERSensory Perceptual Motor Training on Group
1. Sensory Input * Wheelbarrow walks, swimming, and drying off. 2. Proprioceptive * Climbing, pushing, pulling, and carrying heavy objects. 3. Vestibular * Swinging, trampolining, and playground games. 4. Tactile * Stereognosis training, textured paths, and messy play (mud, sand). 5. Motor Planning * Statue spinning, crawling through/under objects, and quick movements. 6. Balance and Posture * Various balance positions (e.g., hands and knees). 7. Ocular Control * Catching and tossing balls. 8. Bilateral Coordination * Activities using both sides of the body (e.g., stick ball). 9. Visual-Spatial * Walking, stair climbing, and puzzles. 10. Fine Motor Skills * Puzzles, bead stringing, and drawing. 11. Gross Motor * Standing, walking, running, and throwing games.
OTHERSensory Perceptual Motor Training on Individual
1. Sensory Input * Wheelbarrow walks, swimming, and drying off. 2. Proprioceptive * Climbing, pushing, pulling, and carrying heavy objects. 3. Vestibular * Swinging, trampolining, and playground games. 4. Tactile * Stereognosis training, textured paths, and messy play (mud, sand). 5. Motor Planning * Statue spinning, crawling through/under objects, and quick movements. 6. Balance and Posture * Various balance positions (e.g., hands and knees). 7. Ocular Control * Catching and tossing balls. 8. Bilateral Coordination * Activities using both sides of the body (e.g., stick ball). 9. Visual-Spatial * Walking, stair climbing, and puzzles. 10. Fine Motor Skills * Puzzles, bead stringing, and drawing. 11. Gross Motor * Standing, walking, running, and throwing games.
Sponsors
Riphah International University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Masking description
Participants will get separate treatment protocols and possible efforts will be put to mask the both group about the treatment.
Intervention model description
It will be randomized control trial in which non probability convenient sampling will be used. Two groups of 4-12 age will be formed in which participants will be randomly divided. Group A: individually SPM training will be given, Group B: Grouped SPM training given
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
4 Years to 12 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Children who diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (mild & moderate) according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (DSM-5) * Have an IQ 70 according to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales * Children whose age between 4 to 12 * All participants had to be able to sit and walk without support
Exclusion criteria
* Children who will associate with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder signs * Upper limb musculoskeletal injuries * Visual or auditory impairments * Children who had received sensory integration therapy for \> 3 months within the past 6 months * Children with speech delay, hearing impairment, or intellectual disability
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| THE DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire | 10-15 minutes | The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) is a parent-report screening tool for identifying motor coordination difficulties in children aged 5 to 15 years, 11 months. It includes 15 items across three domains: Control During Movement, Fine Motor/Handwriting, and General Coordination, rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores below age-specific cutoffs suggest potential Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). It is reliable, quick (10-15 min), but not diagnostic, requiring further evaluation. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Short Sensory Profile | 2-5 hours | The Short Sensory Profile (SSP) is a caregiver-completed questionnaire used to assess sensory processing difficulties in children aged 3-14 years. It includes 38 items across seven domains (e.g., tactile sensitivity, auditory filtering), rated on a 5-point scale. Scores help identify sensory modulation issues affecting daily activities. The SSP is quick, reliable, and widely used, but it is a screening tool, not a diagnostic instrument. |
Countries
Pakistan
Contacts
Primary ContactImran Amjad, PhD
Backup ContactMuhammad Asif Javed, MS
Outcome results
None listed