Diet Surveys, Food Preferences
Conditions
Keywords
Gender Differences, Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Body Composition, Metabolic Health
Brief summary
This study investigates gender differences in dietary patterns and physical activity using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It aims to identify distinct eating and activity behaviors between men and women in order to develop gender-specific interventions that promote better metabolic health. The study was conducted at a metabolic health center in Rome, Italy, with 2,509 participants. Data were collected through questionnaires and body composition assessments, and PCA was applied to classify participants into groups based on their behaviors.
Detailed description
The study was designed as a cross-sectional analysis of gender differences in dietary patterns and physical activity, utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify distinct behavioral groups. A total of 2,509 participants were recruited from a metabolic health center in Rome, Italy, between May 2023 and June 2024. The study collected detailed data on eating habits, physical activity, and body composition through questionnaires and bioimpedance analysis. Five distinct behavioral groups were identified through PCA, with significant differences in dietary patterns and physical activity levels between men and women. Men were found to consume more meat and participate in strength training, while women favored vegetable-rich diets and had more structured eating routines. These differences also translated into body composition, with men having more lean mass and women more fat mass. The study highlights the importance of gender-specific interventions in nutrition and physical activity to improve metabolic health outcomes. The results suggest that men could benefit from increased vegetable consumption, while women could benefit from engaging in more physical activity, particularly strength training. Future research should explore these patterns longitudinally to better understand how these behaviors evolve over time and to develop more tailored interventions.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
San Raffaele Telematic University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Adults aged 18 years or older. * Participants attending the metabolic health center in Rome, Italy. * Participants who provided informed consent. * Participants with complete data on dietary patterns, physical activity, and body composition.
Exclusion criteria
* Individuals under 18 years of age. * Participants with diagnosed psychiatric disorders. * Pregnant women. * Participants with incomplete or inconsistent data. * Individuals with alcohol dependence. * Participants with significant medical conditions that could affect dietary or physical activity assessments (e.g., severe chronic illnesses).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Principal Component Analysis (PCA) | Cross-sectional assessment at baseline | The primary outcome is the identification of distinct dietary patterns and physical activity behaviors based on gender differences. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Physical activity levels based on gender differences | Cross-sectional assessment at baseline | The study will evaluate how gender differences in physical activity are distributed across different PCA-identified groups |
Countries
Italy
Outcome results
None listed