In-hospital Mortality, Non-COVID Deaths, Surge
Conditions
Keywords
In-hospital mortality, Post pandemic hospital performance, Surge, Hospital recovery, Hospital performance
Brief summary
This study aims to perform a retrospective cohort study of administrative health data to understand how care delivery performance varies across US hospitals post-COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic performance. We also hope to identify which factors contribute to performance changes.
Interventions
OTHERCOVID-19 Surge
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital care delivery
Sponsors
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
The study cohort will include one random encounter per patient for all adult (age ≥18years) encounters. All inpatients with the Premier healthcare database (PINC-AI) and those patients who were admitted under observation status and expired in the hospital or those who presented acutely to the emergency department and died in the emergency department will be considered as inpatients for the purpose of this study as per prior precedence in including such patients. All pediatric inpatients, skilled nursing facilities inpatients, long term acute care inpatients, rehabilitation facility inpatients, psychiatric inpatients, hospice inpatients, chemical dependency unit inpatients and deceased organ donor inpatients are excluded after applying encounter level
Exclusion criteria
from this inpatient cohort. Application of this encounter level exclusion will also preferentially exclude any children hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, acute long term care facilities, psychiatry hospitals, inpatient hospices and chemical dependency units.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted in-hospital mortality | During hospital admission | Our primary outcome will be based on a composite measure of in-hospital mortality or discharge to hospice as determined by discharge status code. The primary outcome will itself be expressed as a modified standardized mortality ration (mSMR) calculated as mean-shrunken number of observed deaths or discharge to hospice divided by the expected number of deaths or discharge to hospice for a center in that post-pandemic month assuming the effects of a typical center in the pre-pandemic era. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rates of potential inpatient complications (PICs) | During hospital admission | PICs are complications developed during the hospital stay which may reflect the performance changes post pandemic due to circumstances observed during the pandemic. List of PICs will be curated as has been done previously using Premier Healthcare Database as reported in Korvink et al. Med Care, 2023. For each of the patient, we will calculate the cumulative number of PICs developed during their inpatient stay, which would be a sum of individual counts of PICs out of the list of 74 total possible PICs. Eventually, observed and expected rate of PICs normalized to the length of stay will be calculated with analysis restricted to within hospitals after adjusting for patient level covariates. Subsequently, risk factor model will include hospital level factors to assess association of these factors to aggregate rates of PICs in the cohort to identify factors associated with better or poor performance post pandemic |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed