Labor Stage, Second
Conditions
Brief summary
This study aims to investigate the impact of using a labor mirror during the second stage of labor on both the duration of labor and the mother's overall experience. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does using a labor mirror in the second stage of labor affect the duration of labor? * Does the use of a labor mirror in the second stage of labor affect women's total birth experience scale score? To assess the effect of using a birth mirror during the second stage of labor on the duration of labor and mothers' satisfaction with labor, the researchers will give one group a birth mirror and the other group will receive normal midwifery care. * In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be positioned so that the woman can see the progress of the baby as she pushes (lithotomy position). * Within 24 hours after delivery, mothers will complete the Birth Experience Scale and an opinion form about the use of the mirror. * The control group will not receive any intervention.
Detailed description
Childbirth is one of the most significant experiences in a woman's life. The second stage of labor, when the cervix is fully dilated and the baby moves through the birth canal, is a crucial phase. Various techniques and tools are used during this stage to assist delivery, one of which is the labor mirror. This tool allows the mother to visually observe the perineum and monitor the progress of labor, especially in water births. Both handheld and bed-mounted options are available, usually made of acrylic, and they can have adjustable angles for better visualization. The use of a labor mirror offers several benefits. It enables real-time monitoring of the birthing process, allowing midwives to make timely interventions. More importantly, it helps mothers feel more involved in the birth, boosting their confidence and motivation, especially when they see the baby's head. This can lead to more controlled pushing and potentially shorten the duration of labor. In summary, the labor mirror can enhance the birth experience by allowing mothers to participate actively and by providing emotional support, which may reduce the length of the second stage of labor. However, its use is not widespread in Turkey. This study aims to investigate the impact of using a labor mirror during the second stage of labor on both the duration of labor and the mother's overall experience.
Interventions
OTHERLabor Mirror
The labor mirror used in the second stage of labor allows the mother and midwife to observe the descent and birth of the baby during vaginal delivery and provides instant visualization of progress for the mother and midwife, especially in water births or water births
Sponsors
Kocaeli University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* between 38-42 weeks of gestation, * had a healthy fetus, * had no perinatal and obstetric risk, * did not have prolonged trauma, * could understand and speak Turkish
Exclusion criteria
* preterm labor onset, * premature rupture of membranes, * epidural analgesia, * amniotic fluid with meconium, * fetal risk * intervention delivery
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) Total Score | Within 24 hours postpartum | The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) is a validated scale measuring women's birth experiences. It has 22 items across 4 subscales. Total score is the sum of all items converted to a 1-4 scale, yielding a range of 22-88. Higher scores indicate a more positive childbirth experience. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of the Second Stage of Labor | During the second stage of labor, within the birth process | The duration of the second stage of labor was compared between the experimental and control groups to assess the impact of labor mirror use. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Experiment In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be used to allow the mother to see her own perineum.
Labor Mirror: The labor mirror used in the second stage of labor allows the mother and midwife to observe the descent and birth of the baby during vaginal delivery and provides instant visualization of progress for the mother and midwife, especially in water births or water births | 61 |
| Control During the birth process, she will receive routine midwifery care and no intervention will be made. | 61 |
| Total | 122 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Experiment | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 61 Participants | 61 Participants | 122 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 26.82 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.35 | 25.92 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.02 | 26.37 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.18 |
| Gestational Week at Admission | 39.21 Weeks STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 | 39.33 Weeks STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.21 | 39.27 Weeks STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 61 Participants | 61 Participants | 122 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Turkey | 61 Participants | 61 Participants | 122 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 61 Participants | 61 Participants | 122 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 61 | 0 / 61 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 61 | 0 / 61 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 61 | 0 / 61 |
Outcome results
Primary
Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) Total Score
The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) is a validated scale measuring women's birth experiences. It has 22 items across 4 subscales. Total score is the sum of all items converted to a 1-4 scale, yielding a range of 22-88. Higher scores indicate a more positive childbirth experience.
Time frame: Within 24 hours postpartum
Population: The analysis included women who completed the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire within 24 hours after delivery. Participants who withdrew or had incomplete data were excluded.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experiment | Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) Total Score | 73.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.76 |
| Control | Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) Total Score | 70.22 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.6 |
Secondary
Duration of the Second Stage of Labor
The duration of the second stage of labor was compared between the experimental and control groups to assess the impact of labor mirror use.
Time frame: During the second stage of labor, within the birth process
Population: All participants who completed the second stage of labor with recorded time data were included in the analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experiment | Duration of the Second Stage of Labor | 12.52 Minutes | Standard Deviation 4.53 |
| Control | Duration of the Second Stage of Labor | 19.48 Minutes | Standard Deviation 5.58 |