Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Kidney Diseases
Conditions
Brief summary
The novel sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, enavogliflozin, effectively reduces glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body weight without increasing the risk of serious adverse events. However, its long-term clinical benefits concerning cardiovascular and renal outcomes have yet to be thoroughly studied. This study is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, pragmatic, open-label, active-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Eligible participants are adults aged 19 or older with type 2 diabetes who have a history of, or are at risk for, cardiovascular disease. A total of 2,862 participants will be randomly assigned to receive either enavogliflozin or other SGLT2 inhibitors with proven cardiorenal benefits, such as dapagliflozin or empagliflozin. The primary endpoint is the time to the first occurrence of a composite of major adverse cardiovascular and renal events. This trial aims to determine whether enavogliflozin is non-inferior to dapagliflozin or empagliflozin in terms of cardiorenal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. It will also clarify role of enavogliflozin in preventing vascular complications in this patient population.
Detailed description
The ENVELOP study aims to assess cardiorenal outcomes following enavogliflozin administration compared with dapagliflozin or empagliflozin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes, representing the first large-scale SGLT2 inhibitor outcome study targeting this population.
Interventions
DRUGEnavogliflozin
The dosage and administration method are determined according to the investigator's judgment, considering the drug's approval requirements and the medical condition of the study participants.
DRUGDapagliflozin or Empagliflozin
The dosage and administration method are determined according to the investigator's judgment, considering the drug's approval requirements and the medical condition of the study participants.
Sponsors
Yonsei University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
his study was designed as a pragmatic clinical trial(pracmatic RCT), which demonstrates the real-world effectiveness of the intervention in broad patient groups.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
19 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Male and female adults aged 19 years and older at screening 2. Subjects diagnosed with T2D at screening 3. Subjects on treatment with or requiring treatment with enavogliflozin, dapagliflozin, or empagliflozin within the scope of label and reimbursement criteria
Exclusion criteria
1. Subjects with different types of diabetes mellitus other than T2D 2. Subjects with moderate to severe hepatic impairment 3. Subjects with contraindications to SGLT-2 inhibitors, i.e., kidney function disorders with estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) \<60 mL/min/1.73 m2, end stage renal disease (ESRD), or on dialysis 4. Subjects with major comorbidities 5. Subjects with a history of hypersensitivity to enavogliflozin, dapagliflozin, or empagliflozin and any of its components 6. Pregnant or breastfeeding women
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Time from randomization to first onset of cardiorenal composite outcome event | 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months and 48 month | Major adverse cardiovascular events include nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke, and hospitalization for unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, coronary or peripheral revascularization, and death from any cause. Renal events include a sustained decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated by means of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation of ≥40% from baseline to \<60 mL/min/1.73m2, onset of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis for ≥28 days, kidney transplantation, or an estimated GFR of \<15 mL/min/1.73m2), development of macroalbuminuria, and death from renal causes. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| death from any cause | 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months and 48 months | Time to death from any cause |
| death from cardiovascular causes | 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months and 48 months | Time to death from cardiovascular cause |
| hospitalization due to unstable angina | 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months and 48 months | Time to first event of hospitalization due to unstable angina |
| Time from randomization to the first onset of 3-point MACE and proportion of the patients | 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months and 48 months | Time to first event of a composite of key major adverse cardiovascular events (non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes) |
| coronary or peripheral revascularization | 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months and 48 months | Time to first event of coronary or peripheral revascularization |
| major renal events | 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months and 48 months | Time to first event of a composite of major kidney events |
| progression of macroalbuminuria | 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months and 48 months | Time to development of macroalbuminuria |
| hospitalization due to heart failure | 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months and 48 months | Time to first event of hospitalization due to heart failure |
Countries
South Korea
Outcome results
None listed