Child Development
Conditions
Keywords
Added sugars, Dietary intake, Brain health, Child development
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to learn if there is a relationship between added sugar intake during pregnancy, infancy, and toddlerhood and the brain's structure and function at 5-6 years old.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition
University of Kansas Medical Center
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
5 Years to 6 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Participated in the ADORE GAINS study (R01 DK118220). * Age at participation 5-6 years old.
Exclusion criteria
* Did not participated in the ADORE GAINS study. * Younger than 5 and older than 6. * Autism diagnosis
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Day 1 in the present study (age 5-6 years old); Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the ADORE GAINS study; Baseline (12-20 weeks gestation) in the ADORE study; | Assess the impact of added sugars intake measured by 24-hour dietary intake on brain structure, quantified as brain volume, via an MRI 3D MPRAGE and fMRI sequencing. Maternal dietary intake information was collected at baseline in the ADORE study between 12-20 weeks gestation. Offspring dietary intake information was collected at 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months of age in the ADORE GAINS study. Dietary intake, MRI, EEG, and cognition were assessed at age 5-6 years in the present study. |
| Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Day 1 in the present study (age 5-6 years old); Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the ADORE GAINS study; Baseline (12-20 weeks gestation) in the ADORE study; | Assess the impact of added sugars intake measured by 24-hour dietary intake on the brain's function via EEG (task-based (Go/NoGo task) event-related potentials (ERPs)) to identify brain activity related to inhibitory control, quantified by amplitude for the Go and NoGo conditions. Maternal dietary intake information was collected at baseline in the ADORE study between 12-20 weeks gestation. Offspring dietary intake information was collected at 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months of age in the ADORE GAINS study. Dietary intake, MRI, EEG, and cognition were assessed at age 5-6 years in the present study. |
| Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Day 1 in the present study (age 5-6 years old); Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the ADORE GAINS study; Baseline (12-20 weeks gestation) in the ADORE study; | Assess the impact of fructose intake measured by 24-hour dietary intake on brain structure, quantified as brain volume, via an MRI 3D MPRAGE and fMRI sequencing. Maternal dietary intake information was collected at baseline in the ADORE study between 12-20 weeks gestation. Offspring dietary intake information was collected at 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months of age in the ADORE GAINS study. Dietary intake, MRI, EEG, and cognition were assessed at age 5-6 years in the present study. |
| Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Day 1 in the present study (age 5-6 years old); Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the ADORE GAINS study; Baseline (12-20 weeks gestation) in the ADORE study; | Assess the impact of fructose intake measured by 24-hour dietary intake on the brain's function via EEG (task-based (Go/NoGo task) event-related potentials (ERPs)) to identify brain activity related to inhibitory control, quantified by amplitude for the Go and NoGo conditions. Maternal dietary intake information was collected at baseline in the ADORE study between 12-20 weeks gestation. Offspring dietary intake information was collected at 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months of age in the ADORE GAINS study. Dietary intake, MRI, EEG, and cognition were assessed at age 5-6 years in the present study. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | Day 7 in the present study (age 5-6 years old); Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the ADORE GAINS study; Baseline (12-20 weeks gestation) in the ADORE study; | Assess the impact of added sugars intake measured by 24-hour dietary intake on cognition via a Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task measuring attention development. Maternal dietary intake information was collected at baseline in the ADORE study between 12-20 weeks gestation. Offspring dietary intake information was collected at 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months of age in the ADORE GAINS study. Dietary intake, MRI, EEG, and cognition were assessed at age 5-6 years in the present study. |
| Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Vocabulary Receptiveness | Day 7 in the present study (age 5-6 years old); Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the ADORE GAINS study; Baseline (12-20 weeks gestation) in the ADORE study; | Assess the impact of added sugars intake measured by 24-hour dietary intake on cognition via Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test measuring vocabulary receptiveness. Maternal dietary intake information was collected at baseline in the ADORE study between 12-20 weeks gestation. Offspring dietary intake information was collected at 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months of age in the ADORE GAINS study. Dietary intake, MRI, EEG, and cognition were assessed at age 5-6 years in the present study. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| ADORE GAINS Participants Children's who participated in the ADORE GAINS study were invited to participate as their body composition and dietary intake was collected during their infancy and toddlerhood. | 42 |
| Total | 42 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | ADORE GAINS Participants |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 5.77 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.38 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 19 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 23 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Percent of energy (kilocalories) from added sugars at age 5-6 years | 13.89 Percentage of kilocalorie intake STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.52 |
| Percent of energy (kilocalories) from fructose at age 5-6 years | 4.68 Percentage of kilocalorie intake STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.05 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 28 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 22 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 20 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 42 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 42 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 42 |
Outcome results
Primary
Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function
Assess the impact of added sugars intake measured by 24-hour dietary intake on the brain's function via EEG (task-based (Go/NoGo task) event-related potentials (ERPs)) to identify brain activity related to inhibitory control, quantified by amplitude for the Go and NoGo conditions. Maternal dietary intake information was collected at baseline in the ADORE study between 12-20 weeks gestation. Offspring dietary intake information was collected at 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months of age in the ADORE GAINS study. Dietary intake, MRI, EEG, and cognition were assessed at age 5-6 years in the present study.
Time frame: Day 1 in the present study (age 5-6 years old); Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the ADORE GAINS study; Baseline (12-20 weeks gestation) in the ADORE study;
Population: only 18 participants had both complete/valid dietary data and EEG data
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 24 months | -0.042 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 5-6 years | 0.059 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 5-6 years | -0.016 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 5-6 years | -0.045 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 5-6 years | 0.090 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 6 months | 0.481 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 6 months | 0.404 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 6 months | -0.183 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 6 months | -0.095 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 12 months | 0.534 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 12 months | 0.459 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 12 months | -0.358 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 12 months | -0.176 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 24 months | -0.083 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 24 months | -0.088 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 24 months | 0.028 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Added Sugars | 0.051 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Added Sugars | 0.120 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Added Sugars | -0.285 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Added Sugars | -0.224 Pearson correlation coefficient |
Primary
Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Structure
Assess the impact of added sugars intake measured by 24-hour dietary intake on brain structure, quantified as brain volume, via an MRI 3D MPRAGE and fMRI sequencing. Maternal dietary intake information was collected at baseline in the ADORE study between 12-20 weeks gestation. Offspring dietary intake information was collected at 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months of age in the ADORE GAINS study. Dietary intake, MRI, EEG, and cognition were assessed at age 5-6 years in the present study.
Time frame: Day 1 in the present study (age 5-6 years old); Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the ADORE GAINS study; Baseline (12-20 weeks gestation) in the ADORE study;
Population: only 13 participants had complete/valid dietary data and usable MRI data
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Left Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 5-6 years | 0.119 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Right Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 5-6 years | -0.231 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Left Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 6 months | 0.345 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Right Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 6 months | 0.384 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Left Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 12 months | 0.176 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Right Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 12 months | -0.202 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Left Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 24 months | 0.242 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Right Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 24 months | 0.016 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Left Hippocampal Volume and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Added Sugars | -0.045 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Right Hippocampal Volume and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Added Sugars | -0.502 Pearson correlation coefficient |
Primary
Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function
Assess the impact of fructose intake measured by 24-hour dietary intake on the brain's function via EEG (task-based (Go/NoGo task) event-related potentials (ERPs)) to identify brain activity related to inhibitory control, quantified by amplitude for the Go and NoGo conditions. Maternal dietary intake information was collected at baseline in the ADORE study between 12-20 weeks gestation. Offspring dietary intake information was collected at 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months of age in the ADORE GAINS study. Dietary intake, MRI, EEG, and cognition were assessed at age 5-6 years in the present study.
Time frame: Day 1 in the present study (age 5-6 years old); Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the ADORE GAINS study; Baseline (12-20 weeks gestation) in the ADORE study;
Population: only 18 participants had both complete/valid dietary data and EEG data
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 5-6 years | -0.014 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 5-6 years | 0.018 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 5-6 years | -0.129 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 5-6 years | -0.275 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 6 months | -0.555 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 6 months | -0.331 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 6 months | 0.355 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 6 months | 0.416 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 12 months | 0.057 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 12 months | 0.152 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 12 months | 0.045 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 12 months | 0.040 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 24 months | -0.116 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 24 months | -0.110 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 24 months | 0.050 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 24 months | 0.076 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Fructose | 0.414 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials N2 Amplitude and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Fructose | 0.507 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Fructose | -0.463 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Function | No-Go Trials P3 Amplitude and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Fructose | -0.600 Pearson correlation coefficient |
Primary
Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Structure
Assess the impact of fructose intake measured by 24-hour dietary intake on brain structure, quantified as brain volume, via an MRI 3D MPRAGE and fMRI sequencing. Maternal dietary intake information was collected at baseline in the ADORE study between 12-20 weeks gestation. Offspring dietary intake information was collected at 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months of age in the ADORE GAINS study. Dietary intake, MRI, EEG, and cognition were assessed at age 5-6 years in the present study.
Time frame: Day 1 in the present study (age 5-6 years old); Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the ADORE GAINS study; Baseline (12-20 weeks gestation) in the ADORE study;
Population: only 13 participants had complete/valid dietary data and usable MRI data
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Left Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 5-6 years | -0.220 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Right Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 5-6 years | -0.413 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Left Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 6 months | -0.730 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Right Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 6 months | -0.071 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Left Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 12 months | 0.132 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Right Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 12 months | -0.535 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Left Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 24 months | -0.389 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Right Hippocampal Volume and Percent of Calories from Fructose at age 24 months | -0.213 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Left Hippocampal Volume and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Fructose | -0.252 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Fructose Intake Relationship to Brain Structure | Right Hippocampal Volume and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Fructose | -0.466 Pearson correlation coefficient |
Secondary
Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development
Assess the impact of added sugars intake measured by 24-hour dietary intake on cognition via a Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task measuring attention development. Maternal dietary intake information was collected at baseline in the ADORE study between 12-20 weeks gestation. Offspring dietary intake information was collected at 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months of age in the ADORE GAINS study. Dietary intake, MRI, EEG, and cognition were assessed at age 5-6 years in the present study.
Time frame: Day 7 in the present study (age 5-6 years old); Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the ADORE GAINS study; Baseline (12-20 weeks gestation) in the ADORE study;
Population: three participants either had incomplete/invalid dietary data and/or did not complete the cognitive test
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Pre-Switch Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 5-6 years | 0.163 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Post-Switch Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 5-6 years | -0.076 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Borders Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 5-6 years | -0.031 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Post-Switch Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 6 months | -0.374 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Borders Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 6 months | -0.259 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Pre-Switch Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 12 months | 0.151 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Post-Switch Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 12 months | 0.020 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Borders Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 12 months | 0.037 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Pre-Switch Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 24 months | 0.001 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Post-Switch Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 24 months | -0.283 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Borders Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 24 months | -0.108 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Pre-Switch Score and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Added Sugars | 0.171 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Post-Switch Score and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Added Sugars | -0.324 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Attention Development | DCCS Borders Score and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Added Sugars | -0.023 Pearson correlation coefficient |
Secondary
Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Vocabulary Receptiveness
Assess the impact of added sugars intake measured by 24-hour dietary intake on cognition via Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test measuring vocabulary receptiveness. Maternal dietary intake information was collected at baseline in the ADORE study between 12-20 weeks gestation. Offspring dietary intake information was collected at 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months of age in the ADORE GAINS study. Dietary intake, MRI, EEG, and cognition were assessed at age 5-6 years in the present study.
Time frame: Day 7 in the present study (age 5-6 years old); Baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the ADORE GAINS study; Baseline (12-20 weeks gestation) in the ADORE study;
Population: three participants either had incomplete/invalid dietary data and/or did not complete the cognitive test
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Vocabulary Receptiveness | PPVT Standard Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 12 months | 0.035 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Vocabulary Receptiveness | PPVT Standard Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 5-6 years | 0.118 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Vocabulary Receptiveness | PPVT Percentile and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 5-6 years | 0.124 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Vocabulary Receptiveness | PPVT Standard Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 6 months | 0.062 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Vocabulary Receptiveness | PPVT Percentile and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 6 months | 0.020 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Vocabulary Receptiveness | PPVT Percentile and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 12 months | 0.043 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Vocabulary Receptiveness | PPVT Standard Score and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 24 months | -0.092 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Vocabulary Receptiveness | PPVT Percentile and Percent of Calories from Added Sugars at age 24 months | -0.150 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Vocabulary Receptiveness | PPVT Standard Score and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Added Sugars | -0.045 Pearson correlation coefficient |
| ADORE GAINS Participants | Added Sugars Intake Relationship to Cognition Specifically Vocabulary Receptiveness | PPVT Percentile and Maternal Prenatal Percent of Calories from Added Sugars | -0.126 Pearson correlation coefficient |