Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Pain, PTSD, Spinal Cord Injuries
Conditions
Keywords
Resilience, Mental health, Adjustment, Chronic pain
Brief summary
Mental health decline after Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is commonly reported but minimally investigated in the United Kingdom. The current study aims to explore the prevalence and impact of mental health challenges after SCI to establish population norms in the UK. Additionally the current study will aim to identify barriers to and facilitators of mental health support seeking in people with SCI.
Detailed description
A four-phase mixed methods research study will be undertaken. Phase One will be a cross-sectional online survey designed to determine the prevalence of mental health conditions in adults with SCI in the UK assessing resilience, anxiety, depression, pain, life satisfaction, PTSD and coping self-efficacy. Phase Two will consist of in-depth semi-structured online interviews conducted with approximately twenty people with Spinal Cord Injury who, in the first study, indicated either that the participants had accessed, or had wanted to access mental health services. The two-part interview schedule will be undertaken, covering: 1) core themes surrounding the causes of, changes in, and management of mental health after SCI; and 2) questions relating to participant hopes for and experiences of satisfaction with, access to and efficacy of mental health services, in the context of the mental health service providers which participants currently use or have attempted to access. Phase Three will consist of in-depth semi-structured online interviews held with approximately twenty 'significant others' (partner/family/friend) of people with Spinal Cord Injury whose family member/partner/friend experience mental health problems. The interview schedule will cover two core themes surrounding: 1) perceptions of the causes and impact of mental health difficulties after SCI on 'significant others'; 2) their experiences of current mental health services provided for participants' partner/family/friend and perceived recommendations and hopes for better management of mental health in participants' family member/partner. Phase Four will recruit twenty-five people with high resilience (\>30 on the CD-RISC-10) to participate in an in-depth semi-structured online interview. This will review participants' thoughts and perceptions about resilience and how it is possible to maintain a high level of resilience whilst living with spinal cord injury.
Interventions
OTHERNo intervention - cross-sectional cohort analysis
Observational
Sponsors
Spinal Injuries Association
University of Buckingham
University of Reading
Study design
Observational model
ECOLOGIC_OR_COMMUNITY
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Phases 1 and 2 (survey and SCI interviews) * Adults with spinal cord injury * Adults with cauda equina syndrome
Exclusion criteria
* Difficulty with written or verbal English Language comprehension Inclusion Criteria: Phase 3 \- Partner, Spouse, Family member or carer of a person with Spinal Cord Injury
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | Baseline | Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7); minimum score = 0; maximum score = 21; Scores higher than 15 represent severe clinical levels of anxiety. |
| Depression | Baseline | Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); minimum score = 0; maximum = 27; scores over 20 represent severe clinical depression. |
| Post-traumatic Stress Disorder | Baseline | Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R); 22 item measure of PTSD; minimum score = 0; maximum score = 88; scores over 33 indicate the clinical cut-off for probable PTSD. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Interference | Baseline | Multi-dimensional Pain Inventory: Spinal Cord Injury (MPI-SCI) Life Interference Subscale; Minimum interference score = 0; maximum interference score = 120; high scores indicate more problematic interference of pain with life. |
| Coping Self-efficacy | Baseline | Coping Self-efficacy scale (CSES); minimum score = 0; maximum score = 50 (the mean for each of the five subscales is then summed). |
| Resilience | Baseline | Connor-Davison Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10); minimum score = 0; maximum score = 100; higher scores indicate greater resilience. |
| Life Satisfaction | Baseline | Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS); minimum score = 5; maximum score = 35, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction with life |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed