Acute Malnutrition in Childhood, Acute Malnutrition in Infancy, Acute Malnutrition, Severe
Conditions
Brief summary
Acute malnutrition is a condition that affects more than 45 million children under the age of five at any time and requires specific treatment to ensure patient survival. Most patients can be managed as outpatients with regular monitoring to ensure the correct evolution of nutritional status. With adequate treatment the cure rate of children is high and few patients die. At the same time, despite the existence of an effective protocol for treating malnutrition at the level of health structures, current strategies do not make it possible to reach all malnourished children. On the global level, it is estimated that only 20% of children in need of treatment actually receive it. In Mali, in order to improve coverage and quality of malnutrition treatment in children under five, an operational pilot on simplified approaches to treatment was launched in 2018 and has been on-going since in the health district of Nara. The three simplifications being implemented include: 1. treatment of acute malnutrition using a simplified protocol and an optimized dosage for both SAM and MAM at the health facility; 2. treatment at community level by community health volunteers (CHWs) of acute malnutrition using the same simplified protocol and an optimized dosage; 3. scale up of the use of MUAC bands by caregivers to identify and monitor their children's nutritional status, also known as family MUAC. This approach has been implemented throughout the Health District (HD) of Nara in the Koulikoro Region comprising 39 health centers, 52 ASC functional sites and 11 rural maternities. The simplified treatment of children is done by regular MoH staff with IRC providing technical support and a reinforced monitoring and evaluation of treatment outcomes. In order to strengthen the evidence on the effects of simplified approaches on the treatment of acute malnutrition, IRC is collecting regular patient data to monitor the treatment outcomes of the patients. This data is used to analyze the recovery rate of children, the length of stay in treatment, the mean weight gain velocity etc. Rigorous programmatic data on such large scale operational pilots is crucial for documenting the real life performance of the simplified approaches and provide evidence on the potential of this approach for scale up. In 2022, IRC published an article on the programmatic results of the pilot showing very high recovery among children treated with the simplified protocol. However, while the simplified treatment seems to be working well in this contexts, both health care workers administering treatment as well as caregivers of treated children have suggested further simplifications to the protocol. In order to document potential impact of such changes on the treatment effectiveness, we propose to make these changes in a sub-set of health areas currently implementing the simplified protocol and run this study as a pragmatic cluster randomised trial. The changes to be tested in the first phase include 1) further simplifying the transition period observed among children admitted with severe malnutrition before they start receiving a lower dose of treatment and 2) spacing out treatment visits from weekly to fortnightly. Other small adjustments to the treatment protocol could be tested in the future in a similar way.
Interventions
PROCEDUREVisit frequency
Fortnightly visit frequency for moderate phase Nutritional supplement: 1 daily sachet of RUTF as soon as a child admitted with MUAC\<115mm or edema reaches a MUAC=\>115mm or absence of edema.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTSuppression of the transition period
Transitioning children admitted with MUAC\<115mm or edema to receiving 1 daily sachet of RUTF as soon as they reach a MUAC=\>115mm and absence of edema
PROCEDURESimplified treatment
Admitting children with MUAC\<125mm or edema to treatment prescribing 2 daily sachets for children with MUAC\<115mm or edema and 1 daily sachet for children with MUAC 115mm to 124mm. Treatment visits are done on a weekly basis and children with MUAC\<115mm are transitioned to receiving 1 daily sachet of RUTF once they reach a MUAC=\>115mm for 2 consecutive measurements. Treatment is continued until recovery defined as a MUAC=\>125mm for 2 consecutive weeks.
Sponsors
International Rescue Committee
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
A total of 39 health areas including 39 health centers and 52 secondary sites will be be randomised into : 1) providing simplified treatment as per on-going routine protocol, 2) providing simplified treatment with a reduced visit frequency for children in the moderate phase, 3) providing simplified treatment without a transition period for children admitted with severe malnutrition when they progress to moderate phase and 4) providing simplified treatment with a reduced visit frequency for children in the moderate phase and without a transition phase for children admitted with severe malnutrition when they porgress to modera phase.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
6 Months to 59 Months
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* MUAC\<125mm or edema at admission to treatment * treated with the simplified protocol in one of the treatment facilities participating in study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| recovery | from admission to maximum 16 weeks post-admission | percent of children recovered (defined as MUAC>=125mm for 2 consecutive measures) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| defaulting | from admission to discharge at maximum 16 weeks post-admission | percent of children who end up missing 2 or more treatment visits and being declared defaulted |
| diseased | from admission to discharge at maximum 16 weeks post-admission | percent of children who die during treatment |
| RUTF consumed | from admission to discharge (recovered, non-recovered, defaulted, died) at maximum 16 weeks post-admission | average number of RUTF sachets consumed from admission to discharge |
| non-recovery | from admission to discharge at maximum 16 weeks post-admission | percent of children not having recovered within 16 weeks of treatment |
| length of stay in treatment | from admission to discharge (recovered, non-recovered, defaulted or died) at maximum 16 weeks post-admission | average number of days from admission to discharge from treatment |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| cost of treatment | from admission to discharge (recovered, non-recovered, defaulted, died) from treatment at maximum 16 weeks after admission. | including cost for the implementing partner, cost of products, cost to health system and cost to caregivers |
Countries
Mali
Outcome results
None listed