Anxiety, Anxiety and Fear, Child Behavior, Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Pain, Anxiety, Children, Nursing Student, therapeutic play
Brief summary
This study aims to determine the effects of playing with therapeutic toys made by nursing students on children's fear and pain levels towards treatment and the satisfaction levels of student nurses and parents.
Detailed description
There are a limited number of studies in the literature examining the effects of therapeutic play implemented by nursing students. Although there are many studies showing that therapeutic play intervention is an effective intervention for sick children, it is seen that these studies are mostly conducted by researchers or clinical staff, and nursing students who have been in pediatric wards for a long time due to their clinical practices are far from therapeutic play practices. Therapeutic play may be a way for nursing students to initiate communication with children more easily. Therefore, there is a need for large-scale studies including nursing students. Starting from their student years, nursing students using therapeutic play as a means of communication with sick children may make them more willing to use such activities in their professional lives. In addition, determining the satisfaction levels is important for the continuation of such studies in clinical practice.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALTherapeutic play
The children in the experimental group were given a therapeutic toy designed for them by the student nurse half an hour before the treatment, the toy and game were introduced, and they were allowed to play with this toy for half an hour, accompanied by the student nurse.
Sponsors
Selcuk University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Intervention model description
The universe of the study consisted of hospitalized children aged 3-6, their primary caregivers, and 3rd year nursing students taking the Pediatric Nursing course. Children and Parents: G\*Power 3.1.9.6. program was used to calculate the sample size of the study. According to the a priori power analysis of the study with one-way hypothesis, 0.634 effect size, 0.05 significance level, and 0.80 power; it was determined that including a total of 64 (Experiment: 32 children + parents, Control: 32 children + parents) children in the study would provide a sufficient sample size. Nursing students: No sample calculation method was used, and all students who wanted to make therapeutic toys and play games with their patients were included in the study. 141 students who wanted to participate in the study out of a total of 178 students taking the course were included in the study.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
3 Years to 6 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Having a child aged 3-6 * Having at least two days of inpatient treatment in the hospital (to gain experience with medication administration) * Being accompanied by a parent * Having one invasive drug treatment ordered by a doctor - Knowing and speaking Turkish * Being willing to participate in the study
Exclusion criteria
* Those who are in intensive care, * Those who have undergone surgery, * Those who do not have a companion with their mother, * Children with neurological and psychological disorders and parents, * Children who only receive oral medication (as the level of pain and fear related to treatment will be low)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Child and Parent Information Form | First measurement: 30 minute before treatment | This form, developed by the researcher in line with the literature, was created to determine the descriptive characteristics of children and parents receiving inpatient treatment. This form was filled out by the parents of the children receiving inpatient treatment, using a face-to-face interview technique, half an hour before the treatment. |
| Wong-Baker Pain Scale | First measurement: Just before treatment | It was developed by Wong and Baker in 1988. Patients' pain levels are evaluated by numbering their facial expressions. The numbering is as follows; 0 No pain, 1 A little pain, 2 A little more, 3 A lot more, 4 Quite a lot, 5 The most severe pain level. An increase in the score indicates that the severity of the pain also increases. This form was filled just before treatment. |
| Child Fear Scale | First measurement: Just before treatment | It was developed by McMurtry and his colleagues to measure the fear levels of children aged 4-10. The scale is used to measure the child's fear level. The CQ is a scale that evaluates between 0-4, consisting of five drawn facial expressions ranging from a neutral expression (0=no fear) to a frightened face (4=severe fear). This form was filled just before treatment. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Wong-Baker Pain Scale | Second measurement: within five minutes after the treatment is completedAfter treatment | It was developed by Wong and Baker in 1988. Patients' pain levels are evaluated by numbering their facial expressions. The numbering is as follows; 0 No pain, 1 A little pain, 2 A little more, 3 A lot more, 4 Quite a lot, 5 The most severe pain level. An increase in the score indicates that the severity of the pain also increases. This form was measured a second time immediately after treatment. |
| Parent Satisfaction Survey | Within five minutes after the treatment is completed | The form prepared by the researchers specifically asked about parents' satisfaction with student nurses making toys and playing games for their children. It was filled out by parents after the treatment. |
| Child Fear Scale | Second measurement: within five minutes after the treatment is completed | It was developed by McMurtry and his colleagues to measure the fear levels of children aged 4-10. The scale is used to measure the child's fear level. The CQ is a scale that evaluates between 0-4, consisting of five drawn facial expressions ranging from a neutral expression (0=no fear) to a frightened face (4=severe fear). This form was measured a second time immediately after treatment. |
| Student Satisfaction Survey | Within five minutes after the treatment is completed | The form prepared by the researchers specifically asked about the student nurses' satisfaction with making toys and playing with the sick child. It was filled out by the student nurses after the treatment. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed