Inflammatory Response, Periodontitis, Smoking
Conditions
Keywords
periodontal disease, smoking, TMAO
Brief summary
Salivary and serum levels of TMAO and TNF-A can distinguish between individuals with periodontitis and periodontally healthy persons, including smoking and nonsmoking patients.
Detailed description
Tobacco use is a prevalent global habit with notable impacts on general health and periodontal disease. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a compound involved in the pathogenesis of various systemic inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular conditions. The aim of this study was to determine differences in saliva and serum levels of TMAO between periodontitis and periodontally healthy patients according to smoking status. The study includes four groups: systemically and periodontally healthy non-smokers (NS- Control; n = 25), systemically healthy non-smokers with Stage-III Grade-B periodontitis (NS- Periodontitis; n = 25), systemically and periodontally healthy smokers (S-Control; n = 25), and systemically healthy smokers with Stage-III Grade-C periodontitis (S-Periodontitis; n = 25). Periodontal parameters were recorded. TMAO levels were determined in saliva and serum samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA method.
Interventions
Saliva were collected to analyze the selected markers as unstimulated samples during the early hours of the day. The saliva was centrifuged and then transferred into Eppendorf tubes. Venous puncture was performed after saliva collection and 10 mL of blood samples were collected by qualified staff from each participant. Saliva and serum were then stored at -80 °C until analysis.
Sponsors
Istanbul Medipol University Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Saliva and serum of periodontitis and smoking patients collected for analyzing TMAO levels
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* • systemically healthy * clinical diagnosis of periodontitis * clinical diagnosis of periodontal health * For smoking group : denied as smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day and the duration should more than 10 years.
Exclusion criteria
* decline to participate and being under 18 & over 65 years of age; (2) having any systemic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic conditions, including immunodeficiency syndrome, cardiovascular disorders, or hepatic disorders; (3) the use of antibiotics and/or anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within 3 months preceding the study; (4) having nonsurgical periodontal treatment (previous 6 months); (5)having surgical periodontal treatment (previous 12 months); (6)having \<20 natural teeth excluding the third molars.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pocket probing depth | 3 months | Measurement of the depth of a sulcus or periodontal pocket determined by measuring distance from a gingival margin to the base of the sulcus or pocket with a calibrated periodontal probe |
| Clinical attachment level | 4 months | Clinical attachment level (or loss, CAL) is a more accurate indicator of the periodontal support around a tooth than probing depth alone. CAL is measured from a fixed point on the tooth that does not change, the CEJ. To calculate CAL, two measurements are needed: distance from the gingival margin to the CEJ and probing depth. In recession: probing depth (+) gingival margin to the CEJ (add). In tissue overgrowth: probing depth (-) gingival margin to the CEJ (subtract) |
| Bleeding on probing | 4 months | Bleeding on probing referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| serum and saliva analyses for TMAO levels | 1 month | TMAO levels were determined in saliva and serum samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA method. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed