Eccentric Exercise Training
Conditions
Keywords
Eccentric cycling, Mitochondria, Lymphocyte
Brief summary
Eccentric cycling exercise (ECE) features lower metabolic demand and higher improvement of muscle strength compared to traditional concentric cycling exercise (CCE). Mitochondria can regulate energy metabolism and adaptive immune quality in T lymphocytes. However, the effects of ECE on mitochondrial functions in T-lymphocytes have not yet been established. Method: A total of 33 healthy sedentary males were randomized and divided into ECE (n=11), CCE (n=11), and control groups (n=11). These subjects progressively performed CCE or ECE from 60% to 80% maximal workload on a bicycle ergometer for 40 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. A graded exercise testing and an isokinetic strength test were conducted to evaluate cardiopulmonary fitness and muscle strength, respectively. Phenotypes and mitochondrial respiratory capacity in T lymphocyte were analyzed using flow cytometry and high-resolution respirometer, respectively.
Detailed description
Eccentric exercise training (EET) increases physical performance while having lower metabolic demand than concentric exercise training (CET). Mitochondria of lymphocytes are essential for cell proliferation, death, and differentiation, and play a critical role in establishing lymphocyte phenotypes and their functions. Whether EET influences lymphocyte bioenergetic efficiency remains unclear. The study was to investigate the effects of ECE and CCE regimens on adaptive immune functions and mitochondrial bioenergetics of T lymphocytes in sedentary males.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALEccentric cycling training
Performed exercise training 5 days a week for 6 weeks on an eccentric ergometer. Each training session: 5 min at 30% of maximal workload (Wmax) for warmed up and cold down and 30 min the main training phase. Intensity: Firstly, set at 60% Wmax, and progressively increased 5% per week
BEHAVIORALConcentric cycling training
Performed exercise training 5 days a week for 6 weeks on an eccentric ergometer. Each training session: 5 min at 30% of maximal workload (Wmax) for warmed up and cold down and 30 min the main training phase. Intensity: Firstly, set at 60% Wmax, and progressively increased 5% per week
Sponsors
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
20 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Sedentary lifestyle. 2. Nonsmokers, nonusers of medications/vitamins. 3. No any cardiopulmonary/hematological risks.
Exclusion criteria
1. Have regular exercise habits (i.e., exercise frequency once per week, duration \>20 min). 2. Have retabolic or musculoskeletal disease.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mitochondrial function of lymphocyte | 12 weeks | Evaluate bioenergetic health index (BHI) of mitochondria in lymphocyte by using a high resolution respirometer. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiopulmonary fitness | 12 weeks | The graded exercise test (GXT) on a bicycle ergometer was performed. The GXT comprised 2 min of unloaded pedaling followed by a continuous increase in the work rate of 30 watt per 3-minute until exhaustion (i.e., progressive exercise to maximal O2 consumption) |
Countries
Taiwan
Outcome results
None listed