Mechanistic Underpinnings of Preeclampsia

Inclusion criteria

Healthy Adults: • Healthy non-pregnant with previous normal pregnant women Non-Health Adults: • Patients will be admitted with the diagnosis of preeclampsia according to the internationally accepted definition of preeclampsia: Blood pressure measurement of 140/90 mm Hg or an increase of 30 mm Hg systolic or 15 mm Hg diastolic over baseline values on at least two occasions, six or more hours apart and proteinuria; 300 mg/24 hour after 20th week of gestation. Pregnant Women: Groups 3 - 6 will include pregnant women at different trimesters. Criteria common to all groups: * The study will be conducted only in females aged 18 or above. * Patients in all the groups will be matched for age, which will be 18 or above. * Women will be matched for body mass index; criteria for normal body mass index will be used based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines. * Patients with premature rupture of the membrane, non-preeclamptic preterm labor, IUGR, placental abruption, twin? Any other complications during the pregnancy will be excluded from the study. * Patients with any evidence of genetic or non-genetic malformations of the fetus will be excluded from the study. * The study will be conducted on women who are non-smokers and do not consume alcohol or recreational drugs. * The study will be conducted only on primigravida females to minimize phenotyping variability. * The women with a known history of any chronic disorder, including but not limited to hypertension, diabetes, pulmonary, renal, cardiac, or cerebrovascular disorders, will be excluded from the studies.